长沙市老年人痴呆恐惧现状及其相关因素分析

Analysis of fear of dementia and related factors among elderly people in Changsha

目的了解长沙市老年人痴呆恐惧现状及其相关因素,为改善老年人痴呆恐惧水平、制定有效策略提供参考依据。方法采取随机抽样的方法于2022年7—9月对长沙市300例社区老年人进行调查,采用一般资料调查表、痴呆恐惧量表、社会支持评定量表以及广泛性焦虑自评量表进行调查,多元线性回归分析老年人痴呆恐惧的相关因素。结果长沙市老年人痴呆恐惧得分46.00(33.25,59.00)分,社会支持得分40.00(34.00,44.75)分,广泛性焦虑得分3.00(2.00,4.00)分。Spearman相关性分析显示长沙市老年人痴呆恐惧水平与广泛性焦虑程度呈正相关(r=0.232,P<0.01),与社会支持水平呈负相关(r=-0.226,P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,文化程度(β=-2.385,t=-3.201,P=0.002)、痴呆家族史(β=10.801,t=4.151,P<0.001)、体检频率(β=-2.601,t=-3.497,P=0.001)及社会支持水平(β=-0.347,t=-3.093,P=0.002)是长沙市老年人痴呆恐惧的相关因素。结论长沙市老年人痴呆恐惧处于中等水平,整体未存在焦虑情绪,痴呆家族史、文化程度、体检频率、社会支持水平是痴呆恐惧水平的相关因素,应根据相关因素有针对性地制定干预措施,以降低其痴呆恐惧水平。

Objective To understand the current situation of fear of dementia among the elderly in Changsha and its related factors in order to provide empirical evidence for lowering the level of dementia fear among the elderly and formulating effective strategies.Methods From July to September 2022,300 elderly people living in communities in Changsha were surveyed using a random sampling method.Data were collected via a questionnaire for general information,the Fear of Dementia Scale,the Social Support Rating Scale,and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze related factors for fear of dementia in the elderly.Results For elderly people in Changsha,the fear of dementia score was 46.00(33.25,59.00),the social support score was 40.00(34.00,44.75),and the generalized anxiety disorder score was 3.00(2.00,4.00).According to analysis by Spearman's correlation,the level of fear of dementia among the elderly in Changsha was positively correlated to the level of generalized anxiety(r=0.232,P<0.01)and negatively correlated to the level of social support(r=-0.226,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that level of education(β=-2.385,t=-3.201,P=0.002),family history of dementia(β=10.801,t=4.151,P<0.001),frequency of physical examination(β=-2.601,t=-3.497,P=0.001),and social support(β=-0.347,t=-3.093,P=0.002)were related factors for fear of dementia in the elderly in Changsha.Conclusions Fear of dementia among the elderly in Changsha is at a moderate level,and there is no widespread generalized anxiety.Family history of dementia,education level,frequency of physical examination,and level of social support are relevant factors for fear of dementia.To lessen the level of fear of dementia,specific intervention methods should be formulated according to the relevant factors.