巴克特里亚王国中晚期历史新探——基于新见的钱币学证据

A new interpretation of the middle and late history of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom——Perspectives based on the newly discovered numismatic evidence

由于文献的失载与所见钱币学证据的不足,巴克特里亚王国中晚期的王位继承关系一直缺乏直接证据。有关欧克拉提德斯一世、欧克拉提德斯二世、赫里奥克利斯一世和柏拉图之间的关系更是众说纷纭。依据新发现的共治纪念币、覆打钱币与窖藏信息等最新的钱币学证据,本文认为三人像纪念币上的赫里奥克利斯可能是欧克拉提德斯一世之子,曾担任王国的摄政。赫里奥克利斯一世即是三人像上的赫里奥克利斯,他是欧克拉提德斯一世的继任者。欧克拉提德斯二世则是赫里奥克利斯一世晚年册立的共治君主及继承人。原先被认为是欧克拉提德斯一世继承人之一的柏拉图则是“自承大统者”泰奥菲鲁斯的继承者,他与欧克拉提德斯一世应无直接的继承关系。

Due to the absence of historical documentations and the scarcity of numismatic evidence,there has always been a lack of direct evidence regarding the order of succession to the Greco-Bactrian throne during the middle to late periods of the kingdom.In particular,there has been differing opinions concerning the relationships between Eucratides Ⅰ,Eucratides Ⅱ,Heliocles Ⅰ,and Plato.Based on latest numismatic evidence such as the newly discovered commemorative coins of coregency,overstrikes,and the contextual information of hoards,this article argues that the Heliocles figure appeared in the commemorative coin with three figures was possibly the son of Eucratides Ⅰ,and had been the regent of the kingdom.He was also Heliocles Ⅰ,the successor of Eucratides Ⅰ.Eucratides Ⅱ,on the other hand,was the co-regent and the successor established by Heliocles Ⅰ in his late years.Plato,who was once identified as one of the successors of Heliocles Ⅰ was indeed the heir of the 'self-established' Diodotus Ⅰ,and was not in the direct line of succession to Heliocles Ⅰ.