从大英图书馆藏新疆梵文写本看昙无谶译《金光明经》——以多文本对勘为基础

Some remarks on Dharmak sema's translation of the Suvarn aprabhāsa Sūtra/Golden Light Sutra based on the Sanskrit manuscripts from Xinjiang in the collection of the British Library——A multi-text comparative analysis

近期大英图书馆所藏的大量中亚写本被编辑出版,其中就包含了来自我国新疆库车与和田地区的梵文《金光明经》残片,这是迄今为止所知最早的《金光明经》梵文写本,也是与昙无谶汉译本的时间最为接近的梵文本。本文以这两个文本对勘为核心,结合晚期梵文本、义净译本和藏译本对梵文写本与汉译本的关系以及昙无谶译本的特点做了深入的分析,指出《金光明经》的新疆梵文写本和昙无谶译本最为接近,体现了《金光明经》的早期形态。昙无谶译本在有些地方为求简洁,会对原文进行一定程度的略写或将类似内容融合;有时还会补充一些解释性的翻译或是“中国化”的内容。这些都体现出译者个人的译经特色。

Recently,a large corpus of Central Asian manuscripts in the collection of the British Library have been edited and published.Among them were the fragments of the Sanskrit manuscript of the Suvarnaprabhāsa Sūtra from Kucha and Hotan areas,Xinjiang.This is the earliest Sanskrit manuscript of the Sūtra known thus far,buts also the one that was closest to Dharmaksema's Chinese translation of the Sūtra in time.Based on comparisons of these two texts,along with late Sanskrit manuscripts,Yijing's(义净) translation,and Tibetan manuscripts,this article thoroughly analysed the relationship between the Sanskrit and Chinese manuscripts of the Sūtra,as well as the characteristics of Dharmaksema's translation.It is argued that the Sanskrit manuscript from Xinjiang is most similar to Dharmak sema's translation,and displays the early form of the Sūtra.In Dharmaksema s version,some degrees of simplification and the combinations of similar contents can be observed for the matter of clarity.Some explanatory remarks or some Sinicised contents can also be noticed occasionally,indicating the personal style of the translator.