福清摩尼教文书《香空宝忏》与古突厥语《忏悔词》比较研究

A comparative study of the Manichaean scripture Xiangkong Baochan(香空宝忏)from Fuqing and the Old Turkic Xuāstvānīft(prayers of repentance)

《香空宝忏》是笔者在田野调查中发现的摩尼教文书,核心内容是十五条听者忏悔文,内容、结构与古突厥语《忏悔词》基本相同,是目前所见最早的听者忏悔文汉译版本。《香空宝忏》与霞浦文书、屏南文书属同一系统,话语体系与敦煌文书一脉相承。不同的《香空宝忏》抄本,内容有异有同,符合民间文书的传播规律:核心内容稳定传承,衍增部分灵活变化。从科普特文、古突厥语、敦煌唐写本的只言片语,再到当下所见,“香空”内涵、忏悔文内容基本相同,经不同区域、民族、语言传承,带有浓厚地域色彩,但仍保持内在一致性。

Xiangkong Baochan is a Manichae in scripture discovered by the author during the fieldwork.Its primary content was fifteen prayers of repentance,with the themes and structures similar to those of the Old Turkic Xuāstvānīft.It is the earliest Chinese translation of the repentance prayer known so far.Xiangkong Baochan belongs to the same genre as the Xiapu(霞浦) Manichaean manuscripts and Pingnan(屏南) Manichaean manuscripts,while its discourses followed the tradition of the Dunhuang manuscripts.Different versions of Xiangkong Baochan have different textual contents;this conforms to the diffusion pattern of folk documents,which is characterised by the uniformity of the core theme but varied forms of expressions.Based on fragmented information from the Coptic language,the Old Turkic,and the Dunhuang manuscripts from the Tang Dynasty,as well as the discoveries made so far,these copies of Xiangkong Baochan have similar motifs and texts of repentance.Despite highly regionalised characteristics introduced by the geographic areas,languages,and ethnicities,they were able to maintain their inner uniformity.