歧视知觉对视障学生心理健康的影响:自尊的中介及身体活动的调节

The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Mental Health among Students with Visual Impairments:The Mediation of Self-Esteem and Moderation of Physical Activity

基于压力应对理论、自尊的社会计量器理论以及具身认知理论的约束理论,对来自3省33所特殊教育学校共计1299名视障学生进行问卷调查,旨在探讨歧视知觉与心理健康的关系及自尊、身体活动在二者关系间的作用。结果表明:(1)视障学生的歧视知觉处于中等偏下水平,而自尊、身体活动、心理健康均处于中等偏上水平;(2)视障学生的歧视知觉能够负向预测其心理健康水平;(3)自尊在视障学生歧视知觉与心理健康的关系中发挥了中介作用;(4)身体活动可以削弱歧视知觉对自尊以及心理健康的负向影响,并提高视障学生自尊对心理健康的保护作用。该结果不仅验证并拓展了上述3个理论模型,还为身体活动在特殊教育环境中歧视知觉—自尊—心理健康这一重要中介路径上的整合作用提供了支持。

Based on the stress-coping theory,the sociometric apparatus theory of self-esteem and the constraint theory of embodied cognition theory,a questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 1299 students with visual impairments from 33 special education schools in three provinces,aiming at exploring the relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health as well as the roles of self-esteem and physical activity in the construction of the relationship between the two.The results showed that(1)perceived discrimination of students with visual impairments were at a moderately low level,while self-esteem,physical activity,and mental health were all at a moderately high level;(2)perceived discrimination of students with visual impairments can significantly and negatively predict mental health;(3)self-esteem mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health among students with visual impairments;(4)Physical activity can diminish the negative effects of perceived discrimination on self-esteem as well as mental health,and increase the protective effects of self-esteem on mental health in students with visual impairments.The results not only validate and extend the three theoretical models mentioned above,but also provide support for the integrative role of physical activity in the important mediating pathway of discrimination perception-self-esteem-mental health in special education settings.