经典道德故事对智力障碍儿童说谎行为的影响

The Effects of Classical Moral Stories on the Lying Behaviors of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

已有研究发现,经典道德故事能够减少典型发展儿童的说谎行为,但对智力障碍儿童说谎行为的作用还不清楚。因此,本研究通过两个实验探讨经典道德故事对智力障碍儿童说谎行为的影响。实验一选取77名10至15岁智力障碍儿童为被试,使用皮博迪图片词汇测验修订版考察被试的语言能力,采用抵制诱惑任务考察被试为自我的说谎行为。实验二选取52名10至15岁智力障碍儿童为被试,使用皮博迪图片词汇测验修订版考察被试的语言能力,采用“拼图游戏”任务考察被试为他人的说谎行为。结果发现,无论是在为自我说谎(实验一)还是为他人说谎(实验二)的任务上,听经典道德故事的两组儿童说谎的发生率均显著低于控制组儿童。这表明,经典道德故事能减少智力障碍儿童的说谎行为,促进诚实行为的发生。本研究不仅揭示了智力障碍儿童诚实行为的一种社会化机制,也为家长和广大教育工作者利用经典道德故事促进智力障碍儿童的诚实行为提供了指导。

Previous research has found that classic moral stories can reduce lying behavior in typically developing children,but their effect on children with intellectual disabilities remains unclear.Therefore,this study explored the impact of classic moral stories on the lying behavior of children with intellectual disabilities through two experiments.In Experiment 1,seventy-seven children with intellectual disabilities aged 10-15 years were selected as participants.The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised(PPVT-R)was used to assess their language abilities,and a temptation resistance task was used to examine their self-serving lying behavior.In Experiment 2,fifty-two children with intellectual disabilities aged 10-15 years were selected as participants.The PPVT-R was used to assess their language abilities,and a"Jigsaw Puzzle"task was used to examine their other-oriented lying behavior.Before being questioned the test questions in the temptation resistance task(Experiment 1)and the"Jigsaw Puzzle"task(Experiment 2),participants were randomly assigned to listen to either a classic moral story where the protagonist tells the truth and receives positive consequences("George Washington and the Cherry Tree"),a classic moral story where the protagonist lies and receives negative consequences("The Boy Who Cried Wolf'),or a neutral story("The Tortoise and the Hare").The results showed that,regardless of whether the task involved self-serving lying(Experiment 1)or other-oriented lying(Experiment 2),the lying rates of children who listened to the classic moral stories were significantly lower than that of the control group.This indicates that classic moral stories can reduce lying behavior of children with intellectual disabilities and promote honesty.This study not only reveals a socialization mechanism for honest behavior of children with intellectual disabilities but also provides guidance for parents and educators on using classic moral stories to promote honesty of children with intellectual disabilities.