堆肥化处理的废弃葡萄枝条复配基质对黄瓜生长及光合特性的影响

Effects of composted waste grape branches compounded with substrate on the growthand photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber

为解决废弃葡萄枝条等农林废弃物资源浪费和循环再利用问题,以‘津冬626’黄瓜为试验材料,比较分析发酵后的葡萄枝条、草炭和珍珠岩按照体积比20∶50∶30(T1)、30∶40∶30(T2)、40∶30∶30(T3)、50∶20∶30(T4)和商品基质(CK)混合的理化性质,测定不同复配基质中黄瓜的生长、光合特性、荧光参数、品质和产量等指标,并运用主成分分析法综合评价黄瓜的各项指标。结果表明,不同基质配比的理化性质均在果菜生长发育的适宜范围内。与CK处理相比,T3处理在整个生育期生长较好,荧光参数、果实品质和产量均优于其他处理,光合特性与CK处理差距最小。主成分分析表明,T3处理能够有效促进黄瓜的生长发育。因此,以发酵后葡萄枝条∶草炭∶珍珠岩为40∶30∶30的复配基质栽培黄瓜,其生长、光合特性、荧光参数、品质和产量的综合评价较优,可作为废弃葡萄枝条栽培黄瓜的推荐配比。

In order to solve the problem of the utilization of agricultural and forestry waste such as waste grape branches,the physical-chemical properties of fermented grape branches,grass charcoal and perlite were compared at 20∶50∶30(T1),30∶40∶30(T2),40∶30∶30(T3)and 50∶20∶30(T4)of volume ratio and commercial substrate(CK)using‘Jindong 626’cucumber as the material,the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,fluorescence parameters,quality and yield of cucumber in different substrates were measured,and PCA(principal component analysis)was used to comprehensive evaluate the measured indexes.The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the substrates with different ratios were favorable to the growth and development of fruits and vegetables.Compared with CK treatment,the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber under T3 treatment showed better growth characteristics throughout the reproductive period,the fluorescence parameters,fruit quality and yield were better than those under other treatments,and the photosynthetic characteristics were the least different from those of CK.Principal component analysis showed that T3 treatment could effectively promote the growth and development of cucumber plants.Therefore,the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,fluorescence parameters,quality and yield of cucumber cultivated with the compound substrate of fermented grape branches∶grass charcoal∶perlite at the ratio of 40∶30∶30(V/V/V)were better.Therefore,T3 treatment can be used as the recommended ratio for cucumber cultivation from waste grape branches.