新疆与哈萨克斯坦开展大豆合作的前景与建议

Prospects and Suggestions of Soybean Cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan

中国是世界最大的大豆消费国和大豆进口国,市场空间巨大,也在积极开辟多元化大豆进口渠道。哈萨克斯坦与中国新疆毗邻,农业生产资源丰富且与新疆大豆贸易基础良好,在系统分析哈萨克斯坦大豆生产、消费、国际贸易及价格概况的基础上,从哈萨克斯坦主要农作物、哈中两国、哈萨克斯坦和新疆3个角度对哈萨克斯坦种植业的比较优势进行全面分析。同时,从哈萨克斯坦种植意愿、区位优势、贸易基础等3个方面明晰新疆与哈萨克斯坦开展大豆合作的前景并提出对策建议。研究认为:(1)哈萨克斯坦大豆与其主要谷物、油料作物相比,单产水平和单位面积产值优势突出,这有利于提高理性农户选择种植大豆的积极性。(2)哈萨克斯坦大豆单产水平与中国相近,但价格仅为中国的39.6%,且与美国、巴西相比也具备一定的价格优势。(3)新疆与哈萨克斯坦主要作物互补性强,哈萨克斯坦大豆单产是新疆的71%,差距最小。(4)哈萨克斯坦具备扩种大豆的生产条件和意愿,新疆在发挥地缘优势、扩大与哈萨克斯坦大豆贸易、加强双方大豆合作等方面前景广阔。(5)新疆应加强外向型大豆全产业链技术体系展示窗口和大豆仓储、加工基地建设,同时加强对哈萨克斯坦大豆产业的投资合作。

As the largest soybean consumer and importer in the world,China has a huge market space and is actively opening up diversified soybean import channels.Kazakhstan is adjacent to Xinjiang of China,has rich agricultural production resources,and has a good basis of soybean trade with Xinjiang.Based on the systematic analysis of Kazakhstan's soybean production,consumption,international trade and price,the comparative advantages of Kazakhstan's planting industry were comprehensively analyzed from the perspectives of Kazakhstan's main crops,Kazakhstan and China,Kazakhstan and Xinjiang.At the same time,the prospect of soybean cooperation between Xinjiang and Kazakhstan was clarified from three aspects,such as Kazakhstan's planting intention,location advantage and trade basis,and countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.The research showed that:(1)Compared with the main cereals and oil crops in Kazakhstan,the yield level and output value per unit area of Kazakhstan soybean have prominent advantages,which is conducive to improving the enthusiasm of rational farmers to choose soybean planting.(2)Kazakhstan's soybean yield level is similar to China's soybean,but the price is only 39.6%of China's soybean,and compared with the United States and Brazil,it also has a certain price advantage.(3)The main crops of Xinjiang and Kazakhstan are highly complementary,and the yield of soybean per unit area of Kazakhstan is 71%of that of Xinjiang,with the smallest gap.(4)Kazakhstan has the production conditions and willingness to expand soybean cultivation,and Xinjiang has broad prospects in exerting its geographical advantages,expanding soybean trade with Kazakhstan,and strengthening bilateral soybean cooperation.(5)Xinjiang should strengthen the exhibition window of the whole export soybean industry chain technology system and the construction of soybean storage and processing bases,and strengthen investment and cooperation in Kazakhstan's soybean industry.