铝合金高频振荡扫描激光-电弧复合焊缝成形规律与预测

Formation law and prediction of weld morphology for high-frequency oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloy

高频振荡扫描激光-电弧复合焊接能够通过扫描搅拌效应调控铝合金焊缝微观组织及其力学性能,但是在控形方面还鲜有研究,无法为工业应用提供理论支撑.为此,系统研究了激光束扫描振幅A和频率f对AA6082铝合金激光-电弧复合焊缝成形特征的影响规律,包括焊缝表面飞溅、焊缝下部激光区宽度和熔深占比,并基于光束扫描的能量分布特征和激光焊接模式转变行为,探讨了焊缝形貌转变机理.随后,根据焊缝成形缺陷数量和激光深熔焊模式进一步确定了激光束扫描参数的优化区间范围,具体为0.4 mm≤A≤1.0 mm和300 Hz≤f≤500 Hz.最后,通过对光束扫描参量的线速度归一化处理,建立了优化参数区间内的焊缝特征值的线性定量关系,精度达到89.8%,为高频振荡扫描激光-电弧复合焊缝形貌特征的预测与调控提供了数据支撑.

High-frequency oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding has been shown to control the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld in aluminum alloy through the stirring effect.However,there is limited research on weld morphology control,thus hindering its industrial application.In this study,the effects of laser beam oscillating frequency(f)and amplitude(A)on the formation characteristics of laser-arc hybrid welding of AA6082 aluminum alloy were systematically investigated,particularly focusing on the influence of surface spatters,the width of the laser-affected zone beneath the weld,and the ratio of penetration depth.The formation mechanism of weld morphology was discussed based on the energy distribution characteristics of the oscillating laser beam and the transition of the laser welding mode.Subsequently,the optimization range of the oscillating parameters was determined based on the number of weld formation defects and the laser deep penetration welding mode,specifically within the range of 300 Hz≤f≤500 Hz and 0.4 mm≤A≤1.0 mm.Finally,by normalizing the oscillating parameters with the oscillating line velocity,a linear quantitative relationship between the characteristic values of the weld within the optimized parameter range was established with an accuracy of 89.8%,providing data support for the prediction and control of the morphological characteristics of high-frequency oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding.