大黄在《伤寒杂病论》中的应用探析

Analysis of application of Dahuang in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases

大黄是中医临床常用饮片,因其作用广泛,疗效明显,被誉为中药“四维”之一。对于大黄功效的论述首载于《神农本草经》,而对于大黄的具体运用则成熟于东汉时期张仲景所著的《伤寒杂病论》,书中关于大黄的应用散见于全篇各处,涉及承气汤、茵陈蒿汤、大黄硝石汤、栀子大黄汤、大黄附子汤、泻心汤等经典名方,对后世影响颇深。通过整理相关条文及分析与大黄相关的方剂配伍,总结《伤寒杂病论》中大黄的作用包括泻胃肠实热、疗湿热黄疸、下肠腑积滞、活血化瘀、涤荡水饮、调中化食、降火止血等,常用于治疗痞证、呕吐、黄疸、便秘、发热、癥瘕积聚、水饮、宿食、出血等疾病。

Dahuang is prepared slices of Chinese commonly used in TCM clinic.It is known as one of the four mainstay Chinese herbs because of its extensive effect and obvious curative effect.The discussion on the efficacy of Dahuang is first published in Shennong′s Herbal Classic,while the specific application of Dahuang is mature in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty.The application of Dahuang is found throughout the book,involving Chengqi Decoction,Yinchenhao Decoction,Dahuang Xiaoshi Decoction,Zhizi Dahuang Decoction,Dahuang Fuzi Decoction,Xiexin Decoction and other classic prescriptions,which have a deep influence on later generations.By sorting out relevant articles and analyzing the compatibility in prescription of Dahuang,this paper summarizes the functions of Dahuang in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,including clearing excess-heat of stomach and intestine,treating jaundice caused by dampness-heat,removing food retention in viscera,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,purging retained fluid,regulating the spleen and stomach and digesting food,removing fire and stopping bleeding,etc.It is often used to treat diseases such as distention and stuffiness,vomiting,jaundice,constipation,fever,mass accumulation in the abdomen,retained fluid,indigestion,bleeding,etc.