吐鲁番发现的“大随求陀罗尼经咒图” 研究

Research on the"Mantra Diagram of the Great Sutra of Dharani"Found in Turpan

国内目前发现唐宋时期“大随求陀罗尼经咒图”二十余件,主要根据《大随求陀罗尼经咒》绘制而成。该经现存两个汉译本,不空译本和宝思惟译本,吐鲁番发现的“大随求图”在时代和内容上更加接近宝思惟译本,但“吐鲁番图”也表现出如出土位置是覆盖在死者身上、护法天人和神器分别置于方框内、图像中出现有胡人特征的天王形象等特性,与这两个译本内容及其他地区所出“大随求图”图像均不相同,这在一方面说明吐鲁番发现的“大随求图”所依据的或为目前已经佚失的梵文原版或其他汉译本,另一方面则是因持明密教传入吐鲁番后被本土化的表现。

At present,more than 20 pieces of"Dasuiqiu Dharani Sutra Mantra Diagram"have been found in China during the Tang and Song dynasties.It is mainly drawn based on the"Dasuiqiu Dharani Sutra Mantra".There are two existing Chinese translations of this scripture,the Bu Kong translation and the Bao Siwei translation.The"Diagram of Turpan"is closer to the Bao siwei translation in terms of era and content.The"Diagram of Turpan"is more closely aligned with the Bao siwei translation in terms of era and content.However,the"Diagram of Turpan"also demonstrates certain discrepancies,such as the unearthed position being covered on the body of the deceased,the Buddhist Protector and the Artifact being situated within the square,and the image of the Buddhist Protector exhibiting characteristics associated with the Huren appearing within the image.These differences indicate that the Dasuiqiu Dharani mantras found in Turpan are based on the Sanskrit text or other Chinese translations of the Sutra that has been lost.Conversely,it represents a manifestation of localisation following the introduction of Ming esoteric Buddhism to Turpan.