土库曼斯坦的农业发展与环境问题调查--土壤退化及沙尘的影响

Investigation of Agricultural Development and Environmental Problems in Turkmenistan--Soil Erosion and Sandstorm Impacts

土库曼斯坦地处中亚西南部干旱沙漠地区,近代之前绿洲农业和游牧业较为发达。近代以后,该国在不同时期有计划地发展绿洲农业,通过兴建水利和开垦农田等方式扩大了农业生产规模。土库曼斯坦农业的快速发展保障了该国的粮食安全和就业稳定,提升了国民经济水平。然而,该国当代农业发展存在土地退化和沙尘灾害频发等环境问题,最终危及到该国民众的日常生活和农业自身的可持续发展。由于该国尚不具备独立应对环境问题的能力,其农业发展所面临的环境问题具有跨国蔓延和继续恶化的趋势。相关问题的有效解决有赖于多边国际合作,因而也是中国与土库曼斯坦经济合作中有推进价值的领域。

Turkmenistan is situated within the arid desert region of southwestern Central Asia.Prior to the modern times,oasis agriculture and animal husbandry were already well-established in the region.Following the advent of modernity,the country implemented a systematic approach to its oasis agriculture,expanding the scale of agricultural production through constructing the water conservancy and the reclamation of farmland.The accelerated growth of agriculture in Turkmenistan has guaranteed food security and employment stability for the people of the country,while simultaneously enhancing the overall level of the national economy.Nevertheless,the country's contemporary agricultural development has environmental consequences,including land degradation and frequent dust disasters.These environmental issues pose a threat to the daily lives of the country's people and the sustainable development of agriculture.As the country lacks the capacity to address environmental issues independently,the environmental challenges associated with its agricultural development have a transnational impact and continue to intensify.The resolution of these issues is contingent upon multilateral international collaboration,which represents a significant area of economic cooperation between China and Turkmenistan.