先天性心脏病一级预防的前瞻性随机对照探索研究

A prospective randomized controlled exploratory study of primary prevention of congenital heart disease

目的了解早孕期女性先天性心脏病知识基础水平,利用互联网技术进行先天性心脏病宣教,并评估宣教效果。方法使用微信小程序,导入课题组拟定宣教内容及试卷,选取2021年8月至2022年8月在北京市海淀区妇幼保健院建档妊娠11~13周女性,按随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组,进行先天性心脏病宣教及答卷。对照组为先答卷后宣教,干预组为先宣教后答题。统计调查问卷答题情况。结果问卷知晓率最高的3个条目分别为“先天性心脏病的概念”(97.5%)、“知晓胎儿超声心动检查的作用并愿意主动检查来排除先天性心脏病”(92.0%)和“希望先天性心脏病专业医师进行知识宣教”(84.0%);知晓率最低的3个条目分别为“先天性心脏病分为‘青紫型’和‘非青紫型’两种类型”(22.4%)、“接受过由先天性心脏病专业医师进行的关于先天性心脏病的健康宣教”(23.4%)、“知晓至少一家可以筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的医疗机构”(33.1%)。除“先天性心脏病的概念”“知晓胎儿超声心动图的作用并愿意主动检查来排除先天性心脏病”条目外,干预组其余条目知晓率均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。干预组内,年龄偏大、文化程度偏低的妊娠女性对某些条目的知晓率较低(均P<0.05)。结论早孕期女性对先天性心脏病较为关注,但存在认知盲区和误区,用网络技术对其进行宣教,可取得较为满意的效果。对于年龄偏大,文化程度偏低的妊娠人群,需要给予特别的关注和指导。

Objective To understand the basic knowledge level of congenital heart disease in early pregnancy women,use internet technology to conduct health education on congenital heart disease,and evaluate the effect of health education.Methods The research group was imported to formulate the propaganda and education content and the examination paper by using the Wechat small program.From August 2021 to August 2022,pregnant women at 11-13 weeks of gestation who were registered in Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected and divided into the control group and the intervention group according to the random number table method.The control group was given the test before the education,and the intervention group was given the test after the education.The answers to the questionnaire were counted.Results The three items with the highest awareness rate were"awareness rate of the concept of congenital heart disease"(97.5%),"know the role of fetal echocardiography and are willing to take the initiative to rule out congenital heart disease"(92.0%)and"hope doctors specializing in congenital heart disease to conduct knowledge education"(84.0%).The three items with the lowest score:"congenital heart disease is divided into two types:′cyan′and′non-cyan′"(22.4%awareness rate),"received health education about congenital heart disease by doctors specializing in congenital heart disease"(23.4%),and"know of at least one health care facility that screens fetuses for congenital heart disease"(33.1%).Except for items of"awareness rate of the concept of congenital heart disease"and"knowing the role of fetal echocardiography and being willing to take the active examination to rule out congenital heart disease",the awareness rate of other items in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).In the intervention group,pregnant women with older age and lower education level had lower awareness rate of some items(all P<0.05).Conclusion Women in early pregnancy are more concerned about congenital heart disease,but there are cognitive blind areas and misunderstandings.Network technology can be used to publicize and educate them,and achieve satisfactory results.The pregnant women with older age and lower education level should be given special attention and guidance.