私鉴定的审查判断规则研究——以450份裁判文书为样本

Research on the Examination and Judgment Rules of Private Appraisals——Using 450 Judicial Documents as a Sample

我国现行《民事证据规定》第41条关于私鉴定效力的规定过于粗疏,未能向法院系统阐明如何审查私鉴定的问题,进而导致司法实践对私鉴定难以形成统一的审查路径。无论是将私鉴定意见严格界定为某一种法定证据类型并对其采用相应的证据审查规则,还是径直否认其作为证据资料使用的能力,均存在一定程度上的不足。基于私鉴定的基本特征与现实需求,应当肯定私鉴定意见的证据资格,以作为证据资料的当事人陈述为主要参考类型,结合司法鉴定的审查事项设计,对私鉴定的审查判断规则作出具体构建。

The provision on the effectiveness of private appraisal in Article 41 of the current Civil Evidence Regulations in China is too crude and fails to explain to the court system how to review private appraisal,resulting in difficulty in forming a unified review path for private appraisal in judicial practice.Whether it is strictly defining private appraisal opinions as a certain type of legal evidence and adopting corresponding evidence review rules,or directly denying their ability to be used as evidence materials,there are certain shortcomings.Based on the basic characteristics and practical needs of private appraisal,the evidentiary qualification of private appraisal opinions should be affirmed,with the parties'statements as the main reference type as evidence materials,and combined with the design of judicial appraisal review items,specific construction of the review and judgment rules for private appraisal should be made.