性侵未成年人精神损害赔偿制度的建构研究

A Study on the Construction of the Compensation System for Mental Damage Caused by Sexual Assault on Minors

在保护未成年人合法权益路径之下,未成年人受到性侵是否应当以及如何获得精神损害赔偿的问题面临法律层面规定欠缺、认定标准模糊不清、赔偿金额难以确定等困境。从精神损害赔偿与侵权责任理论的内在一致性、与未成年人特殊优先保护原则的高度契合性出发,结合性侵未成年人犯罪发生后,未成年人普遍受到严重精神损害的事实,未成年人遭受性侵获得精神损害赔偿具有理论根基与实践需求。基于此,应当构建和完善性侵未成年人精神损害赔偿制度。在立法层面上,赋予遭受性侵的未成年被害人精神损害赔偿请求权;在制度构建上,参照我国民事纠纷中的精神损害赔偿制度和相关司法实践,建立以精神损害事实为主、社会评价为辅的精神损害赔偿认定标准,同时规范性侵未成年被害人精神损害赔偿程序。

Under the path of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of minors,the issue of whether and how minors should receive compensation for mental damages caused by sexual assault faces such challenges as lack of legal provisions,unclear identification standards,and difficulty in determining the amount of compensation.Starting from the inherent consistency between the theory of compensation for mental damages and tort liability,and the high degree of compatibility with the principle of special priority protection for minors,combined with the fact that minors generally suffer serious mental damages after sexual assault crimes occur,it has a theoretical foundation and practical needs for minors to receive compensation for mental damages caused by sexual assault.Based on this,it is necessary to establish and improve a compensation system for mental damages caused by sexual assault on minors.At the legislative level,grant the right to request compensation for mental damages to underage victims of sexual assault;In terms of institutional construction,referring to the compensation system for mental damages in civil disputes in China and relevant judicial practices,establish a standard for determining mental damages compensation based on the facts of mental damages and supplemented by social evaluation,and standardize the compensation procedures for mental damages of underage victims of sexual assault.