亚里士多德与亚历山大大帝事迹在东方的流传

Aristotle and Alexander the Great in the East

古代汉文佛经中出现的耶婆那、臾那与邪寐尼等术语的词源,皆可追溯至古代印度对亚历山大大帝东征后留驻中亚的希腊爱奥尼亚人的称谓Yavana。本文除研究随佛教传入中国的有关希腊的知识之外,还集中讨论了中古时代波斯文与突厥文以及汉文史料中,与埃及亚历山大城、亚历山大大帝的阿拉伯文名号及其伊斯兰文名号“亦西刊达而”(Iskandar)与其师亚里士多德相关的问题。

In the ancient Chinese version of Buddhist sutras,terms like Yepona耶婆那,Yuna臾那and Yemeini邪寐尼,can be traced back to Yavana,the ancient Indian transcription of the Greek Ionians who settled in Central Asia after the conquest of Alexander the Great.In addition to the study of the knowledge of Greece,which was introduced to China with Buddhism,this paper focuses on the medieval Chinese names for the city Alexanderia of Egypt Egento遏根陀,the Chinese name Chugeni徂葛尼transcribed from Dhu al-Qarnayn,the Arabic nickname for Alexander the Great,as well as the Chinese name Yisikandaer亦西刊达而transcribed from Iskandar,the Islamic form for the name of Alexander the Great and his teacher Aristotle in late medieval Persian,Turkish and Chinese sources.