谁应该为高等教育服务付费——兼议班尼特假说的理论意义

Who Pays for Services of Higher Education:Discuss the Theoretical Significance of Bennett's Hypothesis

学费在高等教育成本分担比例中占据重要的地位和作用。班尼特假说论及学生资助与学费上涨的关系,既是美国高等教育财政改革与发展的一个缩影,也深深影响着世界高等教育发展的未来走向。针对班尼特假说的实证研究结果有积极效应、无或零效应、“消极效应”等三类。公立院校学费与办学成本、学费与教育服务价格、学费与教育成本比例都可以从理论上进行很好的诠释。班尼特假说不仅有利于解释普及化时代高等教育成本持续上涨的实践问题,也大大丰富了高等教育成本分担的理论知识。对我国公办高校而言,班尼特假说在认识教育的经济价值、办学成本、教育成本核算和学费制度建设等方面亦有一定的借鉴作用和启示。

Tuition fees play an important role in the cost sharing ratio of higher education.The Bennett Hypothesis discusses the relationship between student aid and tuition fees,which is not only a microcosm of the financial reform and development of higher education in the United States,but also deeply affects the future direction of the development of higher education at worldwide.There are three types of empirical research results on the Bennett hypothesis:positive effects,no or zero effects,and negative effects.The relationship between tuition fees and operating costs,tuition fees and educational service prices,and tuition fees and proportion of education costs in public institutions can all be well explained in theory.The Bennett Hypothesis not only helps to explain the practical problem of the continuous increase in higher education costs in the era of popularization,but also greatly enriches the theoretical knowledge of cost sharing in higher education.For public universities in our country,the Bennett Hypothesis also has certain reference and inspiration in understanding the economic value of education,operating costs,education cost accounting,and tuition fee system construction.