明至民国时期无锡木船业的发展初探

A Preliminary Study of the Development of Wooden Boat Industry in Wuxi from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China Era

无锡民间造船业可追溯至明代。随着社会经济的发展,货物流通、商旅往返、渔业捕捞等对船只的需求益盛,至清末民初,无锡木船业发展达到鼎盛,形成了以“五姓十三家”从业人员为主的造船行业繁荣景象,杨、蒋、尤、徐、邵五姓宗族也由此成为江苏境内的造船大户。通过对地方文献的梳理,可以了解无锡木船业的发展历程,探知当地舟船的主要种类及其用途,并以无锡代表性船型——西漳船为例,展现当地木帆船的主要特点与建造工艺。

The civil boat-building industry in Wuxi can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty.With the development of social economy,the cargo circulation,business travel,and fishing brought about increasing demands for boats.By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China era,wooden boat building in Wuxi had reached its peak,forming a prosperous boat-building industry dominated by"thirteen families of five clans".And the five clans of Yang,Jiang,You,Xu,and Shao became major boat builders in Jiangsu.By a collation of local literature,this paper introduces the develop ment history of wooden boat industry in Wuxi,explores the main types of local boats and their uses,and takes the Xizhang boat,a typical boat type in Wuxi,as an example to display the main features and building techniques of local wooden sail boats.