政策工具视角下贫困职教生高质量充分就业的顶层设计——基于70份国家级政策文本的计量分析

How to Carry out the Top-level Design of High-quality and Full Employment for Poor Vocational Education Students from the Perspective of Policy Tools——Based on Analysis of 70 National Policy Texts

贫困职教生就业帮扶政策工具已覆盖命令型、激励型、能力建设型、系统变革型与自愿型等工具类型,其中激励型、命令型与能力建设型工具的应用频次高于系统变革型与自愿型工具;经济资助与岗位提供应用频次最高,且其对应的政策工具多为命令型工具与激励型工具;就业成功、资源整合与公平正义的政策价值呈阶梯形正向分布;但在政策“工具—要素—价值”三者交叉上,低频点与空白点较多。对此,应以政府善治引领为核心,构建“政府—市场—职业院校”间的就业帮扶协同公共治理机制;“扶智”与“扶志”相结合,完善政策工具在不同内容要素间的合理配置,协调具体政策工具的可持续性及阶段性落实;持续渗透公平正义的价值引领功能,注重工具类型、内容要素与政策价值间的协同共生。

In terms of the types of tools,the employment assistance policy for poor vocational education students has covered five types of tools:imperative,incentive,capacity building,system change and voluntary,among which the application frequency of incentive,imperative and capacity building tools is higher than that of system change and voluntary tools;in terms of content elements,economic assistance and job provision are the most frequently used,and their corresponding policy tools are mostly command tools and incentive tools;in terms of policy value,the policy value of employment success,resources integration and fairness and justice shows a positive distribution in a ladder;at the intersection of the three,there are more low frequency points and blank points.We should take the“good governance”of the government as the core,and build a collaborative governance mechanism of employment assistance between“government,market and colleges”;improve the rational allocation of policy tools among different content elements,and coordinate the sustainability and phased implementation of specific policy tools;continue to penetrate the value-leading function of fairness and justice,and pay attention to the synergy and symbiosis between tool types,content elements and policy values.