高中阶段合理职普比的确定:国际比较的视角

Reasonable Ratio of Vocational Education to General Education in Upper Secondary Education:An International Comparative Perspective

高中阶段合理职普比的确定是我国当下教育改革发展过程中的重要问题。以国际比较为研究视角,梳理世界部分区域、经济体职普结构发展变化的规律与经验,基于OECD国家2010-2020年数据探究这种变化的影响因素与逻辑,在此基础上,对我国高中阶段合理职普比问题进行讨论。研究发现,职普比与经济发展呈“倒U型”关系,国家对创新的重视程度降低了其职普比。预测模型表明,我国的理论职普比应约为34:66,目前,无论国家层面还是省级层面,我国职业教育占比整体偏高。鉴于此,各省应根据经济社会发展水平等综合因素动态调整职普比,同时要注重高中阶段职业教育的发展通道建设与人才培养优化问题。

The rational determination of the ratio of vocational education to general education in upper secondary education is an important issue in China's current educational reform and development process.Taking an international comparative perspective,this study examines the patterns and experiences of vocational to general education structure development in some regions and economies worldwide.Based on OECD country data from 2010 to 2020,it explores the factors and logic influencing these changes.Building on this foundation,the study discusses the appropriate ratio of vocational education to general education in Chinese upper secondary education.The research reveals a“reverse U-shaped”relationship between the ratio of vocational education to general education and economic development,with the emphasis on innovation reducing this ratio.Predictive models suggest that China's optimal ratio of vocational education to general education should be 34:66.Currently,both at the national and provincial levels,vocational education's share is relatively high.Therefore,provinces should dynamically adjust this ratio based on comprehensive factors such as economic and social development levels.Additionally,attentions should be given to developing pathways and optimizing talent cultivation in vocational education during the upper secondary education.