分泌型自噬在肿瘤微环境中的作用

Role of secretory autophagy in tumor microenvironment

自噬是一种存在于所有真核细胞中的生物学过程。除了典型的溶酶体降解途径,自噬体还可以与细胞膜融合将蛋白质递送到胞外,在蛋白质运输和分泌中发挥关键作用,即分泌型自噬。在肿瘤微环境中的多种细胞都存在分泌型自噬现象,被分泌出去的蛋白质具有参与肿瘤生长、代谢、血管生成、免疫调节等功能,在癌症中扮演重要角色。因此,分泌型自噬可能成为一种新型的肿瘤治疗靶点。本文拟讨论分泌型自噬的过程及机制,概述其在肿瘤微环境中的作用、靶向分泌型自噬的抗肿瘤治疗进展和前景,为靶向自噬提供新的研究方向。

Autophagy is a biological process that exists in all eukaryotic cells.Studies have shown that in addition to lysosomal pathway of protein degradation,autophagosomes can also fuse with cell membranes to deliver proteins outside the cell which playing a key role in protein transport and secretion,this process is called secretory autophagy.In the tumor microenvironment,a diverse array of cells exhibits secretory autophagy.The secreted protein plays an important role in cancer by participating in tumor growth,metabolism,angiogenesis,and immune regulation,therefore,secretory autophagy holds potential as a novel therapeutic target for cancer.In this review,we discuss the process and mechanism of secretory autophagy,summarize its role in tumor microenvironment and the progress and prospect of cancer therapy targeting secretory autophagy pathway,which provides a new research direction for targeting autophagy.