中药常山的本草考证及研究现状

Herbological Study and Research Progress of Dichroae Radix

目的:探究中药常山的基原、产地、炮制加工、化学成分、药理作用及标准现状,为其质量控制和研究应用提供参考。方法:通过查阅历代本草与典籍文献,并结合近现代文献资料,对常山的名称、基原、产地、炮制方法及质量评价进行梳理。结果:中药常山在东汉时期使用恒山之名,唐代改名为常山,唐代所描述的常山应为芸香科植物臭常山,宋代后逐渐演化为虎耳草科植物常山;其产地分布较广,陕西南部、甘肃南部、长江流域及南部均有生长;常山易混淆品种有臭常山、土常山、滇常山、细叶小檗等;常山主要包括生物碱、香豆素类、甾体类等成分;现代药理证实常山具有抗疟、催吐、解热、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等作用。结论:本文通过对中药常山的本草考证和研究现状综述,为常山的质量标准完善、进一步合理地开发利用常山资源提供参考。

Objective:To investigate the origin,producing areas,processing,chemical components,pharmacological action and standard status of traditional Chinese medicine Dichroae Radix,and to provide reference for its quality control and research application.Methods:By referring to the herbs and ancient books of the past dynasties and combining with modern literature,the research on Dichroae Radix was conducted to sort out the name,origin,producing areas,processing methods and quality evaluation.Results:It was found that the name Hengshan was used in the Eastern Han Dynasty,and it was renamed Dichroae Radix in the Tang Dynasty.Dichroae Radix described in the Tang Dynasty should be the Orixa japonica Thumb.of the rutaceae family,which gradually evolved into Dichroae Radix in the saxiculaceae plant after the Song Dynasty.It was widely distributed in southern Shaanxi Province,southern Gansu Province,Yangtze River basin and southern China.The easily confused varieties of Dichroae Radix included Orixa japonica Thumb.,Hydrangea,Clerodendrum yunnanense,and Berberis poiretii.Dichroae Radix mainly included alkaloids,coumarins,steroids and other components.Modern pharmacology confi rmed that Dichroae Radix had anti-malaria,emetic,antipyretic,anti-infl ammatory,anti-tumor,anti-viral ef fects.Conclusion:Through the summary of the herbalogical study and current research status of Dichroae Radix,this article provides reference for improving the quality standard of Dichroae Radix and further rational development and utilization of Dichroae Radix resources.