原油管道内检测作业安全分析与清管技术

Safety Analysis and Pigging Technology for Internal Inspection of Crude Oil Pipelines

在原油管道清管过程中,存在第三方破坏管材卷入、管道斜接、阀门未全开、管道凹陷变形、管道清洁度差、三通无档条等6种作业风险因素。某原油管道清管过程中,泡沫、机械器和磁力钢刷清管器在清管过程中以各自的清管标准和判断原则,经清管作业后管道的输送压力和排量显著提高。研究结果表明:泡沫测径清管器测径板变形量大于25%OD (管道外径)和机械测径清管测径板变形量大于20%OD时,应进行多次泡沫测径清管或机械测径清管,对比测径板变形和皮碗的损伤情况,分析造成测径板变形和皮碗损伤的原因,排除清管过程中的风险。磁力钢刷清管器清管杂质小于10 kg或多次清管杂质量相当时,可进行下一步检测作业。原油管道经多次清管后,管道的输送效能可提高20%左右。原油管道定期实施清管作业可以提高管道输送效能,及时发现超限变形,消除管道隐患,为内检测作业提供理论基础。

During the pigging process of crude oil pipelines,there are six operation safety risk fac-tors,including pipe entanglement caused by third-party damage,pipeline mitering,incomplete valve opening,pipeline depression and deformation,poor pipeline cleanliness,and absence of blocking bars for tees.Based on their respective pigging standards and judgment principles of foam caliper pig,me-chanical caliper pig,and magnetic steel brush pig in the pigging process of a crude oil pipeline,the pipeline transmission pressure and flow rate are significantly increased after pigging.The results show that when the deformation of the gaging plate of the foam caliper pig is greater than 25%OD of the pipe,and that of the mechanical caliper pig is greater than 20%OD,multiple foam caliper pigging or me-chanical caliper pigging should be carried out to compare the deformation of the gaging plate and the damage of the leather bowl,the causes of the deformation of the gaging plate and the damage of the leather bowl should be analyzed,and the risks in the pigging process should be eliminated.When the pigging impurities of the magnetic steel brush pigging are less than 10 kg or when the impurities in mul-tiple cleaning operations are equivalent,the next detection operation can be carried out.After multiple cleaning operations,the transportation efficiency of crude oil pipelines can be improved by about 20%.Regular pigging operation of crude oil pipelines can improve the efficiency of pipeline transportation,discover the over-limit deformation in time,eliminate the hidden hazards of pipelines,and provide a theoretical basis for internal inspection operations.