添加剂在有机太阳能电池中的应用

Application of Additives in Organic Solar Cells

有机太阳能电池(OSC)的快速发展对能源清洁化和社会发展绿色化起着积极的推动作用.对于OSC的发展,提高其光电转换效率(PCE)是最重要的目标之一,而活性层的形貌优劣对器件的PCE值起着决定性的作用.近年来,由于具有良好的形貌调节能力、简单的使用方法以及对器件性能显著的提升能力,添加剂在OSC中的应用引起了研究者的广泛关注.本综述简要总结了在OSC发展历程中所使用添加剂的种类、结构以及在器件性能提升中的作用机制,基于添加剂丰富的类型和不同的作用机理与材料性质,从分子结构特征考虑,将添加剂主要划分为非芳环类、单环或者多环芳烃类、具有D-A型分子结构类以及功能结构复杂型四个大类,同时讨论了添加剂在OSC领域的发展前景以及存在的挑战,为未来新型高效添加剂的设计使用提供了指导.

Organic solar cells(OSCs)represent a promising frontier in the realm of green energy,characterized by their lightweight design,flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and capacity for large-scale production.This innovative technological ad-vancement serves as a pivotal catalyst in advancing energy cleanliness and promoting sustainable societal progress.An essen-tial objective in the ongoing development of organic solar cells is to elevate their power conversion efficiency to levels com-parable to traditional inorganic solar cells,which typically achieve around 20%efficiency.The continuous expansion and deepening of research endeavors have accelerated the scientific progress of OSC,pushing it into a phase of rapid evolution.The persistent advancements in photovoltaic materials and optimization techniques for these devices signal a promising commercial future as device efficiency steadily rises.The structural organization and stability of OSC intricately influence its performance,with the morphology of the active layer playing a pivotal role in determining device power conversion efficien-cy.In recent years,the integration of additives into OSC has garnered significant attention due to their ability to fine-tune the active layer,ease of application,and remarkable potential for enhancing device performance.This review provides a succinct exploration of the various types,structures,and mechanisms of additives employed in the development of OSC.By catego-rizing additives based on their molecular structural features,the review identifies four primary groups:non-aromatic cyclic additives,single-cyclic or polycyclic aromatic additives,additives with donor-acceptor(D-A)molecular structures,and addi-tives with complex functions and structures.Each category of additive is meticulously examined to offer a thorough under-standing of their mechanisms and the fundamental principles guiding their development.Moreover,the review delves into the future prospects and current challenges associated with the utilization of additives in the OSC domain.It offers invaluable insights to researchers by shedding light on the design and implementation of novel,high-efficiency additives in their up-coming projects.Through this exploration of the multifaceted realm of additives in organic solar cells,the review aims to pave the way for heightened efficiency and efficacy in green energy solutions,contributing to a more sustainable future pow-ered by innovative technologies.