噬菌体在奶牛生产中的应用研究

Effect of Phage-bacteria Interaction on Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows

奶牛乳房炎的有效控制及其瘤胃菌群的平衡调节,是维持其泌乳性能稳定、确保生产价值最大化的关键环节。在奶牛养殖过程中,乳房炎往往由多种细菌感染引发,不仅严重影响奶牛的泌乳性能,还直接导致奶品质量下降。为应对乳房炎,大量使用抗生素类药物成为常见做法,然而,这一策略虽能暂时缓解症状,却带来了细菌耐药性增强的挑战,使得后续治疗效果大打折扣。更为严重的是,广谱抗生素的使用还可能误杀机体内的有益菌群,特别是瘤胃内的益生菌群,影响奶牛的整体健康与营养吸收。噬菌体是特异性识别并杀死细菌的病毒,具有灭杀效率高、特异性强、无药物残留等绿色、高效特点。本文综合概述噬菌体概念、与细菌作用机制、对奶牛泌乳性能影响和噬菌体治疗方式优缺点等,为噬菌体在奶牛生产上的应用提供理论基础。

Effective control of mastitis in dairy cows and the balanced regulation of their rumen flora are key to maintaining stable lactation performance and maximising production value.In dairy farming,frequent occurrence of mastitis is often caused by multiple bacterial infections,which not only seriously affects the lactation performance of cows,but also directly leads to a decline in milk quality.It has become common practice to use large quantities of antibiotics to deal with mastitis.However,while this strategy can provide temporary relief,it poses the challenge of increased bacterial resistance,which greatly reduces the effectiveness of subsequent treatments.Worse still,the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can also accidentally kill beneficial flora,especially in the rumen,affecting the overall health and nutrient absorption of the dairy cow.As a virus that can specifically recognize and kill bacteria,phage has the characteristics of high killing efficiency,high specificity,no drug residues and other green and efficient features.Therefore,this paper provided a comprehensive overview of the concepts,mechanisms of action with bacteria,effects on lactation performance of dairy cows,and advantages and disadvantages of phage therapeutic modalities.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the application of phage therapeutic methods in dairy farming and to promote green development.