综合机械化放顶煤充填开采技术构想及理论框架研究

Research on technical conception and theoretical framework of fully mechanized top-coal caving backfill mining

放顶煤开采具有一次采出空间大、矸石排放量高、采放工艺繁杂等特征.其中,矸石高排放与生态建设矛盾显著突出,充填开采是解决二者矛盾的有效途径之一.然而,放顶煤工作面充填开采相关理论技术研究尚属空白,为了促进该理论技术形成与发展,详细介绍了现有充填技术发展历程,从充填位置、工作面布置、充填动力、充填材料及工艺配合5个方面划分了现有充填技术体系,结合放顶煤与充填开采的技术特征,提出了综合机械化放顶煤充填开采构想,分析了该方法的技术难题,凝炼了可充填空间演化规律、放顶煤充填围岩变形与控制特征2个关键科学问题,构建了涵盖采放充一体化工艺、高稳定性充填装备研发、充填空间探测、充填效果监测及放顶煤智能充填控制系统5个方面的核心技术.放顶煤充填开采方法创新了厚煤层一次采全高矸石固废规模处置新技术,丰富了现有充填开采技术体系,拓展了充填开采技术应用范围,为煤矿企业可持续发展、生态环境保护提供了全新技术途径.

ZHANG Qiang;ZHANG Jixiong;YANG Kang;JU Feng;HUANG Peng;WANG Yunbo;LYU Haonan;School of mines, China University of Mining and Technology;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation & Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology;Top-coal caving mining is characterized bylarge primary mining space, high gangue production, and complicated mining and caving process. Among them, the contradiction between the production of large amounts of gangue and environmental protection is prominent, and backfill mining technology is one of the most effective ways to solve this issue. However, the research on the theory and technology of backfill mining in top-coal caving workface remains unexplored. In order to promote the formation and development of this theory and technology, the development process of existing backfill technology was introduced in detail, including backfilling position, layout of the workface, backfilling device, backfilling material and the coordination between the backfilling and mining process. Combined with the technical characteristics of top-coal caving and backfill mining, the concept of comprehensive mechanized top-coal caving and backfill mining was put forward. The technical problems of this method were analyzed, and two key scientific problems, namely, the evolution of the backfilling space and the deformation and control characteristics of surrounding rock of top-coal caving and backfill were condensed. Five core technologies including integrated mining, caving and backfilling technology, the development of backfilling equipment with high working stability, the detection of the backfilling space, the monitoring of backfilling effect and intelligent backfill control system of top coal caving were analyzed. The backfill mining method for workface with top-coal caving mining method has innovated the new technology of solid waste disposal in a thick coal seam, which enriched the existing backfill mining technology system, expanded the application scope of backfill mining technology, and provided a new approach for the sustainable development of coal mines and the environmental protection.