市场结构与农业生产外包服务差别定价基于对规模户与普通户服务收费的考察

Market Structure and Differential Pricing of Agricultural Production Outsourcing Services:Based on the Investigation of Service Charges of Large-scale Farmers and Small-scale Farmers

“一价法则”强调同质商品亦同价,但在农业生产外包服务市场中,存在外包服务供给主体对同一地区内不同规模农户制定了相同服务价格的现象,这背离了“一价法则”。本文从市场结构角度对此进行解释,并对这种市场结构的形成机制展开分析。研究表明:(1)当市场需求结构中普通户占比越高、市场供给不足或外地服务供给主体过少时,容易出现供给主体定价背离“一价”均衡的现象;(2)这种现象更可能出现在人均耕地较少、劳动力转移程度较高或资本禀赋贫乏的地区。研究拓展了“一价法则”的应用领域,强调了“一价法则”在解释农业生产外包服务市场价格形成的适用条件,对促进外包服务市场发育与土地规模化发展也具有重要政策涵义。

"The Law of one price"emphasizes that homogeneous goods have the same price,but in the agricultural production outsourcing service market,there is a phenomenon that outsourcing service suppliers set same service price for farmers of different scales in the same area,which deviates from the"the Law of one price".This paper explains this from the perspective of market structures,and further analyzes the formation mechanism of these market structures.The research shows that:(1)when the proportion of small-scale farmers in the market demand structure is higher,the market supply is insufficient or there are too few foreign service suppliers,it is easy for suppliers to deviate from the"one price"equilibrium.(2)This phenomenon is more likely to occur in areas with less cultivated land per capita,higher degree of labor transfer or poor capital endowment.The application field of"the Law of one price"is expanded,and the applicable conditions of"the Law of one price"in explaining the price formation of agricultural production outsourcing service market are emphasized,the paper also has important policy implications for promoting the development of outsourcing service market and land scaled development.