流动经历对农村人口教育获得及其性别差异的影响--基于流动人口监测数据的经验分析

Effects of Mobility Experience on Educational Attainment of Rural Population and Gender Differences:An Empirical Analysis Based on CMDS Data

中国人口数量红利向质量红利转变,离不开人力资本水平的提高。基于2017年流动人口监测数据(CMDS),本文实证检验了流动经历对农村人口教育获得及其性别差异的影响。研究发现,父母具有流动经历显著改善了子女受教育情况,表现为受教育年限延长与高中入学率提高,且该效应在女性群体中更为明显,也意味着流动经历有效缩小了农村地区教育获得中的性别差距。由于农村家庭存在“男性主导”的决策模式,流动经历的教育获得与性别差异缩小效应在父亲具有流动经历的家庭中更为突出。基于上述发现,本文还考察了流动经历改善子女受教育情况的影响。结果表明,流动经历的教育获得效应具有显著代际传承特征,有利于提高子女就业稳定性并缩小城乡教育机会差距。本文为理解教育性别差距下降提供了新视角,也为实现农业转移人口市民化提供经验支撑。

The improvement in human capital is necessary for the transformation of China's demographic dividend to a quality dividend.Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)data,the study explores how migration experiences affect educational attainment and its gender differences.We find that parental mobility experience significantly improves their children's educational attainment,as seen by the extension of the years of education and the rise in high school enrollment rates,and the effect is more prominent in female groups,indicating that mobility experience effectively eliminates gender gaps in the educational attainment of rural areas.Due to the"male-dominated"decision-making model in rural families,the effects of educational attainment and gap narrowing of migration experience are more prominent in families with fathers who have migration experiences.Based on the above findings,this paper explores the further impact of mobility experience.The results show that the educational attainment effect of mobility experiences has substantial characteristics of intergenerational inheritance,which is conducive to improving the employment stability of children and narrowing the education opportunity gap between urban and rural areas.In addition to providing a new perspective for understanding the declining gender gap in education,this paper also gives empirical research support for realizing the citizenship of agricultural transfer population.