农地整治对农户收入差距的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Land Consolidation on Farmers'Income Gap

本文利用山东、河南两省的830份农户调研数据,采用内生转换模型,在考虑不可观测因素导致的选择性偏误基础上,实证分析农地整治对农户收入水平的影响,并运用Fields分解法检验农地整治对农户收入差距的作用方向及程度。结果表明:第一,基于反事实假设,农户若未参与农地整治,其家庭总收入将下降13.1%,即农地整治显著提高了农户的家庭总收入。从收入结构上来看,农地整治对农业收入的促增作用大于非农收入;第二,农地整治扩大农户之间的收入差距;贡献率为26.4%,农地整治不仅没有实现矫正农业收入差距的初衷,反而产生了“逆向分配”的结果;第三,低收入农户参与农地整治程度不足和高收入农户在农地整治中获得更高的收益率,是农地整治扩大农户收入差距的重要原因;第四,农地整治引发了不同收入水平农户社会公平感的分化。因此,在考虑如何通过农地整治增加农户收入时,有必要将问题的焦点从效率延伸到公平,重点关注农地整治中处于相对不利地位的低收入农户的收入增长问题。

This paper uses a survey data of 830 farmers in Shandong and Henan,adopts endogenous transformation model,considers the selective error caused by unobservable factors,and empirically analyzes the impact of farmland consolidation on farmers'income level,and uses Fields decomposition method to test the direction and extent of farmland consolidation on farmers'income gap.The results show that:first,based on the counterfactual hypothesis,if the farmers who participate in the farmland consolidation do not participate,their total household income will decline by 13.1%,that is,the farmland consolidation significantly improves the total household income of farmers.From the perspective of income structure,agricultural land consolidation plays a greater role in promoting agricultural income than non-agricultural income.Second,agricultural land consolidation has widened the income gap between farmers,with a contribution rate of 26.4%.Further research shows that there is a more significant"Matthew effect"in the impact of agricultural land consolidation on agricultural income,which is an important path to increase income inequality among farmers.This also shows that agricultural land consolidation has not achieved the original intention of correcting agricultural income gap,but has produced"reverse distribution".Third,the insufficient participation of low-income farmers in farmland consolidation and the higher rate of return of high-income farmers in farmland consolidation are important reasons for farmland consolidation to expand agricultural income gap.Fourth,the rural land consolidation has led to the differentiation of farmers'sense of social equity at different income levels.Therefore,when considering how to increase the income of farmers through farmland consolidation,it is necessary to extend the focus of the problem from efficiency to equity,focusing on the income growth of low-income farmers who are relatively disadvantaged in farmland consolidation.