中国国家博物馆藏20世纪20至40年代纸币抽样分析与研究

Sampling Analysis and Research on the Paper Money from the 1920s to the 1940s in the Collection of the National Museum of China

本研究采用超景深三维视频显微镜、光学显微镜、大幅面X射线荧光扫描技术(MA-XRF)和激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等手段,对中国国家博物馆藏6枚20世纪20至40年代由国民政府地方银行和解放区银行发行纸币的印刷工艺、油墨色料及纸张纤维等进行了分析研究,并结合相关文献总结了这批纸币的印刷技术特征。结果表明,印刷所用油墨色料均为常见的现代合成颜料,与同时期中央银行发行纸币无太大区别;纸币多采用凸印、平印等制版方式;纸币主要是由苎麻和瑞香类韧皮纤维等制成,并涂布有钾(K)元素。通过分析研究,对此时期纸币的印刷工艺有了进一步科学认知,可为相关纸币文物的辨伪鉴定及更深层次研究提供依据。

This research adopts various methods including ultra depth-of-field 3D video microscope,optical microscope,MA-XRF and laser Raman spectrometer,conducting scientific analysis on the printing craft,ink and pigments as well as the paper fiber of six pieces of paper money issued by the local banks of the National Government of the Republic of China and the banks of liberated areas from the 1920s to the 1940s.Features of those notes'printing techiniques are also introduced based on related literature.The outcome showcases the printing ink and pigments are common synthetic pigments in modern times,which is hardly different from those of the paper money issued by the Central Bank during the same period.The notes are mostly printed through letterpress and planographic printing,and are mainly made from ramie and Daphne bast fiber with potassium coating on the surface.The test and analysis helps to understand the printing technique of paper money at that time and provide evidence for the authentication and in-depth research of related culturalrelics.