企业数据财产属性的区分判定——基于私人财产权证成标准的研究

The Types of Enterprise Data and Their Property Attributes:A Research Based on the Standard of Justification of Private Property Rights

私人财产权的证成标准包括“是物”“劳动”“功效”三个构成要件。数据有“内容-个别数据”“内容-集合数据”“形式-个别数据”“形式-集合数据”四种含义。“内容-集合数据”不具有独立性,“形式-个别数据”与“形式-集合数据”既无独立性也无有用性,“内容-个别数据”中的个人数据不具有可分离性,故而上述四者均不符合“是物”要件,不仅不构成企业的私人财产,而且也不构成任何意义上的财产。从社会效果的角度看,“内容-个别数据”中的事实数据不适合由企业排他性支配,因此事实数据不符合“功效”要件,不构成企业的私人财产。事实数据属于共同财产,任何主体均有利用它的自由。除了“内容-个别数据”中的智力成果数据,企业生产的任何意义上的数据均不可能构成其私人财产,不应予以财产法的保护。企业生产的数据作为其竞争优势的组成部分,属于企业的竞争利益范畴,应当得到竞争法的保护。

The standard of Justification of private property rights includes three constituent elements:"is a thing","labor",and"utility","Data"mainly has"content-single data","content-assembling data","form-single data",and"form-assembling data"four meanings.Content-assembling data doesn't have distinctiveness,formsingle data and form-assembling data don't have usefulness,and individual data in the content-single data doesn't have separability,all of which don't meet the standard of"is a thing",not only does not constitute private property of enterprise,nor does it constitute property in any sense.From the perspective of social consequence,the fact data in the content-single data is not suitable for exclusive domination by enterprise,doesn't meet the standard of"utility",and doesn't constitute private property of enterprise.The fact data constitutes common property,and any subject has the liberty to access it.As part of competitive advantage of enterprise,the data produced by enterprise should be protected by competitive law.