论个人信息保护法的权衡体系及其实践展开

Balancing System and Practical Implementation of Personal Information Protection Law

尽管我国《个人信息保护法》已将“个人信息保护与利用”作为并置的立法目标,但两者在实践中的平衡却依然困难重重。搜集、称重不同利益和价值并在比较正反观点后作出决定的“权衡方法”,由此成为直面挑战的最佳工具。立足于域外经验和中国实践,一套遵循权衡论证逻辑和国家机关功能分化原理的“两阶四层”权衡体系得以成型。在一阶权衡阶段,法律助力个人与个人信息处理者基于“市场机制”开展自我权衡;在二阶权衡阶段,首先由立法机关依据“比例机制”形成客观价值秩序,再由行政机关采取“场景机制”和“风险机制”确立个人信息分类分级的权衡规则,最后由司法机关基于“诚信机制”作出个案调适。个人信息保护与利用的权衡体系将不确定性的权衡方法转化为可证明的理性化决策过程,最终实现权衡的妥当性和可预期性。

Although Personal Information Protection Law has made"protection and utilization of personal information"a dualistic legislative goal,the balance remains difficult in practice.The"balancing method",which collects and weighs different interests and values,and makes decisions after comparing the positive and negative points of view,has become the best tool to face the challenge.Based on overseas experience and Chinese practice,a"two-stage,four-tier"balancing system has taken shape,following the logic of balancing argument and the principle of functional differentiation of state organs.In the first-order stage,the law helps individuals and personal information processors to carry out self-trade-offs based on the"market mechanism";in the second-order stage,the legislature first forms an objective value order based on the"proportionality mechanism",and then the administrative organs adopt the"contextual mechanism"and the"risk mechanism"to establish the balancing rules for the classification of personal information,and finally,the judiciary will make case-by-case adjustments based on the"good faith mechanism".The balancing system for the protection and use of personal information transforms the uncertainty of the balancing method into a rationalized decisionmaking process that can be demonstrated,and ultimately realizes the appropriateness and predictability of the balancing.