气液培养在类器官研究中的应用及展望

Application and prospect of air-liquid culture in organoid research

中老年群体是恶性肿瘤、慢性疾病、免疫疾病等多种疾病的高发人群。身体机能降低、免疫系统衰退、认知功能下降等因素使得中老年患病人群的治疗面临巨大的挑战。这强调了体外模型模拟个体治疗反应的重要性。气液培养通过模拟体内空腔器官的环境进而促进细胞分化,将这项技术与类器官模型相结合,可在保留原组织特征的同时还原体内真实结构及发挥相应功能。本文回顾了类器官和气液培养两种培养方法,重点介绍了气液培养类器官的优势及应用,详细阐述了气液培养在促进类器官分化、再现类器官中免疫微环境、构建类器官共培养体系、药物筛选及病原体-宿主机制探索5个方面的应用,并分析了近年来气液培养类器官研究领域中存在的诸多问题和未来挑战,以及其在肿瘤学、再生医学、免疫学等多个领域的应用前景和展望,旨在为气液培养类器官在相关领域的发展和应用提供更多的理论依据。

The middle-aged and elderly population represent a high-risk group for various diseases such as malignant tumors,chronic illnesses,and immune disorders.Factors such as declining physical functions,immune system deterioration,and cognitive decline pose greater challenges for the treatment of this population.This emphasizes the importance of in vitro models that simulate individual treatment responses.Organoid are 3D models derived from stem cells and the body's own tissue cells,capable of mimicking original tissue at the histological and genomic levels but unable to retain cell diversity.Air-liquid cultivation promotes cell differentiation by simulating the environment of hollow organs in vivo.Combining this technique with organoid enable the preservation of original tissue characteristics while restoring the true structure and function in vivo.This article reviews two cultivation methods,organoid and air-liquid cultivation,focusing on the advantages and applications of air-liquid cultured organoid.It elaborates on the application of air-liquid cultivation in five aspects including promoting organoid differentiation,reproducing the immune microenvironment in organoid,constructing organoid co-culture systems,drug screening,and exploring pathogen-host mechanisms.Furthermore,it analyzes the many issues and future challenges in the field of air-liquid cultured organoid in recent years,as well as their application prospects and outlooks in oncology,regenerative medicine,immunology,and other fields,aiming to provide more theoretical basis for the development and application of air-liquid cultured organoid in related fields.