汉代出土医简汤液医学考

Medical research on decoction medicine in medical bamboo unearthed in Han dynasty

汤液医学肇始于神农氏,传承于伊尹、扁鹊、仓公等辈,至张仲景发扬光大。考之出土汉代简帛医药文献,可知早期汤液医学有相对独立的疾病谱系;诊法与经脉医学重视脉诊迥异,特别重视病因的辨识,重识证、辨证,注重疾病之间的传变;治法上,主要以汤液、醪醴、必齐疗疾。至东汉末年,张仲景把经脉医学与汤液医学相融合,形成“脉-证(病)-方-治”的诊治体系,使得汤液医学各个环节贯通一体,开创了中医的新局面,奠定了今日中医学的基本面貌。

Decoction medicine originated from Shennong,inherited from YI Yin,BIAN Que,CANG Gong and others,and carried forward by ZHANG Zhongjing.Examination of unearthed medical documents on bamboo slips and silk in the Han dynasty shows that early decoction medicine has a relatively independent disease spectrum,and the diagnosis method was very different from that of meridian medicine in its emphasis on pulse diagnosis,it pays attention to the cause,the identification and differentiation of the syndrome,and the transmission of the disease.In terms of treatment,the main use of decoction,mash,and Biqi is to treat diseases.By the end of the Eastern Han dynasty,ZHANG Zhongjing integrated meridian medicine with decoction medicine,formed a'pulse-syndrome(disease)-prescription-treatment'diagnosis and treatment system,which has made all aspects of decoction medicine integrated and created a new situation in traditional Chinese medicine,and established the basic appearance of traditional Chinese medicine today.