噪声作业工人护听器防护效果及其影响因素研究

The protective effectiveness of hearing protectors for noise-exposed workers and its influencing factors

目的探讨噪声作业工人佩戴护听器的防护效果及其影响因素。方法采用判断抽样法,选择329名职业性噪声接触工人为研究对象,对其进行护听器使用情况问卷调查和个体适合性检验,并对个人声衰减值(PAR)不通过基线标准者进行干预。结果研究对象基线PAR的中位数(M)和第25、75百分位数为17.0(5.0,22.5)dB;男性、年龄25~<35岁、工龄5~<15年、大学专科及以上文化程度、佩戴护听器时间5~<15年、知晓正确佩戴护听器方式、工作时正确佩戴护听器的工人基线PAR均相对较高(P值均<0.01)。研究对象基线PAR不通过率为32.8%;汽车制造企业工人的基线PAR不通过率分别低于塑胶企业和纺织企业工人(9.2%vs 43.6%,9.2%vs 50.0%,P值均<0.01)。108名基线PAR不通过人员干预后PAR的M高于干预前(22.0 vs 1.0 dB,P<0.01)。研究对象的护听器正确佩戴方式知晓率、工作时佩戴护听器正确率、接受正确佩戴护听器培训率分别为88.1%、84.8%和86.6%;汽车制造企业和塑胶企业工人护听器正确佩戴方式知晓率、工作时佩戴护听器正确率、接受正确佩戴护听器培训率均高于纺织企业工人(P值均<0.01)。结论噪声作业工人性别、年龄、工龄、文化程度、佩戴护听器时间和是否知晓并正确佩戴护听器等均是护听器防护效果的影响因素。

Objective To explore the protective effect of hearing protectors worn by noise-exposed workers and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 329 occupational noise-exposed workers were selected as the research subjects by judgment sampling method.A questionnaire survey on the use of ear protectors and individual suitability tests was conducted.Intervention was carried out for those whose personal attenuation rating(PAR)did not pass the baseline standard.Results The median(M)and the 25th and 75th percentiles of baseline PAR were 17.0(5.0,22.5)dB.The baseline PAR of the workers who were male,aged 25-<35 years,with a working experience of 5-<15 years,with a college degree or above,wearing ear protectors for 5-<15 years,knowing the right way to wear ear protectors,and workers who wore ear protectors correctly during work was relatively high(all P<0.01).The unqualified rate of baseline PAR of the study subjects was 32.8%.The unqualified rate of baseline PAR of workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises was lower than that of workers in plastic enterprises and textile enterprises(9.2%vs 43.6%,and 9.2%vs 50.0%,both P<0.01).The M of the 108 unqualified worker on baseline PAR was improved after intervention(22.0 vs 1.0 dB,P<0.01).The rates of knowing the right way to wear ear protectors,wearing ear protectors correctly during work,and receiving training on wearing ear protectors correctly for the research subjects were 88.1%,84.8%,and 86.6%,respectively.Workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises and plastic enterprises had higher rates of knowing the right way to wear ear protectors,wearing ear protectors correctly during work,and receiving training on wearing ear protectors correctly than those in textile enterprises(all P<0.01).Conclusion Gender,age,working experience,education level,duration of wearing ear protectors,knowledge and use of ear protectors correctly are influencing factors of the protective effect of ear protectors for noise-exposed workers.