明代海南知识女性的日常生活

The Daily Life of Intellectual Women in Hainan in the Ming Dynasty

明代海南文化发展进入古代高峰期,知识女性明显增多,著名仕宦丘濬、海瑞等自幼皆受教于寡母。这些具有知识的女性在丈夫去世后,矢志守节,身兼父道、母道、师道于一身。海南知识女性的出现与宋元以降王朝尤其是士人在岭南推行教化分不开,明初海南州县、卫所均建立不同层次的学校,普及推广教育,女性通过不同渠道接受教育。至少自15世纪开始海南已有女性教子读书、创作诗文,表达女性自己的人生体验,明显早于17世纪江南知识女性群体的崛起。

The cultural development of Hainan in the Ming Dynasty entered a peak period in ancient times,with a significant increase in the number of educated women,for eminent officials such as Qiu Jun and Hai Rui were taught by their widowed mothers from a young age.These intellectual women,after the death of their husbands,were determined to uphold integrity,and took on the roles of fathers,mothers,and teachers.The emergence of intellectual women in Hainan is inseparable from the implementation of education in Lingnan by scholars in the Song and Yuan dynasties.In the early Ming Dynasty,schools at different levels were established in prefectures and county institutions of Hainan to popularize education,and women received education through different channels.Since at least the 15"century,women in Hainan had been teaching their children to read and write poetry,thus expressing their own life experiences,which is clearly earlier than the rise of the intellectual women group in Jiangnan(regions south of the Changjiang River)in the 17h century.