2015-2022年福州市手足口病流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Fuzhou city from 2015 to 2022

目的 分析2015-2022年福州市手足口病的流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 病例资料来源于“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”,收集发病时间为2015年1月1日-2022年12月31日,现住址为福州市的手足口病病例信息。运用描述性流行学方法对手足口病病例资料如年龄、性别、现住址、发病时间、职业等进行描述分析,采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 2015-2022年福州市共报告78 023例手足口病病例,各年手足口病发病率依次为260.00/10万、186.03/10万、198.64/10万、218.61/10万、104.78/10万、22.70/10万、63.02/10万、23.11/10万,年均发病率为131.86/10万。2015-2022年福州市手足口病发病率呈下降趋势(线性趋势χ^(2)=1 254.792,P<0.01)。每年手足口病发病季节呈双峰分布,主波峰在5-7月,次波峰在9-11月。仓山区(345.25/10万)、晋安区(310.14/10万)和罗源县(245.33/10万)的发病率高于其他地区,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2 567.497,P<0.01)。男女性别比为1.54∶1,男性年均发病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 185.740,P<0.01)。病例以5岁以下的儿童为主,占病例总数的92.30%(72 018/78 023)。职业以散居儿童、托幼儿童和学生为主,分别占74.99%、20.82%和3.32%。手足口病阳性标本中肠道病毒71(EV71)型毒株占比(29.37%)高于柯萨奇病毒A16(COX A16)型毒株(12.30%),非EV71非COX A16的其他肠道病毒占58.33%。结论 福州市手足口病呈双峰分布,病例多发生在城乡结合部,以男性、5岁以下的儿童为主,应加强城乡结合部托幼机构的疫情防控,同时加强疫苗接种和健康宣教,从而防控手足口病。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Fuzhou city from 2015 to 2022, and provide evidence for the prevention and control. Methods The data of hand-foot-and-mouth disease cases with current address in Fuzhou district was collected from the “China information system for disease control and prevention” during 1st January, 2015 to 31th December, 2022. The data of hand-foot-and-mouth disease such as age, sex, current address, time of onset and occupation was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods, and SPSS 26.0software. Results A total of 78 023 cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease was reported in Fuzhou from 2015 to 2022. The incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease was 260.00/100 000, 186.03/100 000, 198.64/100 000, 218.61/100 000, 104.78/100 000, 22.70/100 000, 63.02/100 000 and 23.11/100 000, respectively. The average annual incidence rate of hand-footand-mouth disease was 131.86/100 000 from 2015 to 2022. The incidence rate was decreasing (χ^(2)=1 254.792,P<0.01). The epidemic curve showed as double-peak in summer from May to July and in autumn from September to November. The incidence rates of Cangshan(345.25/100 000), Jin'an(310.14/100 000) and Luoyuan(245.33/100 000) were higher than those in other areas;the differences were statistically significant (χ^(2)=2 564.497,P<0.01). The ratio of men to women was 1.54∶1. Men had the higher morbidity rate than women;the difference was statistically significant (χ^(2)=1 185.740,P<0.01).The age of onset of hand-foot-and-mouth disease was mainly concentrated in the age group less than 5 years old, the rate of which was 92.30%(72 018/78 023). The main occupations were scattered children, nursery children and students, accounting for 74.99%, 20.82% and 3.32%, respectively. The rate of the enterovirus 71(EV71) strain(29.37%) was higher than that of the coxsachie virus A16(COX A16) strain(12.30%);Other enteroviruses such as non-EV71 and nonCOX A16 accounted for 58.33%. Conclusions The epidemic curve of hand-foot-and-mouth disease showed as double-peak in Fuzhou. Most of the cases occurred in the junction of urban and rural areas. The majority of hand-foot-and-mouth disease cases were male and children under 5 years. So the kindergartens in the junction of urban and rural areas should strengthen the epidemic prevention and control. The vaccination and the prevention knowledge propaganda should be strengthened, which could significantly reduce the incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.