添加葡萄枝条对土壤真菌群落结构及葡萄树体生长的影响

Effects of Grape Pruning Addition on Soil Fungal Community Structure and Grape Tree Growth

采用盆栽试验,研究添加葡萄枝条对葡萄树体生长及真菌结构的影响,评价修剪葡萄枝条循环再利用的可行性。以一年生“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试材,分别添加不同比例的葡萄枝条,测定植株新梢长、新梢粗、叶面积、根系总体积等的变化,同时利用高通量测序技术研究土壤真菌群落结构的变化。门水平上,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为优势类群。添加枝条处理降低了60,120,150 d时链格孢属(Alternaria)、光黑壳属(Preussia)、枝顶孢属(Acremonium)、丝葚霉属(Papulaspora)、新赤壳属(Neocosmospora)、平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)、毛壳属(Chaetomium)、无茎真菌属(Acaulium)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)和间座壳属(Diaporthe)的相对丰度。T_(2)处理还降低了整个处理过程中葡萄穗霉属(Stachybotrys)、Acrocalymma、Albifimbria、Gibellulopsis和曲霉属(Aspergillus)等的相对丰度,并提高了60,90,150 d时小脆柄菇属(Psathyrella)的相对丰度。添加适宜比例的葡萄枝条能够提高葡萄新梢长和根系总体积。T_(2)处理后150 d时新梢长是对照的1.2倍。总之,适量添加葡萄枝条优化了土壤真菌群落结构,有利于木质素的降解,并形成对病原真菌抑制作用的土壤,降低葡萄感染病害的风险,T_(2)处理在改善土壤真菌群落结构及促进树体生长方面综合表现最好。

Pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of grape pruning addition on the growth of grape tree and fungal structure,and to evaluate the feasibility of recycling grape prunings.Grape prunings were added as growing media in different proportions to one-year-old“Shine Muscat”grapes to determine the changes of plant shoot length,shoot diameter,leaf area,and total root volume.At the same time,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the changes of soil fungal community structure.At the phylum level,Basidiomycota and Ascomycota belonged to the dominant group.The treatments with different proportions of grape prunings reduced the relative abundances of Alternaria,Preussia,Acremonium,Papulaspora,Neocosmospora,Bipolaris,Chaetomium,Acaulium,Cladosporium,and Diaporth after 60,120 and 150 days.Among them,T_(2) treatment also reduced the relative abundance of Stachybotrys,Acrocalymma,Albifimbria,Gibellulopsis,and Aspergillus throughout the experimental period,and increased the relative abundance of Psathyrella at 60,90 and 150 days.It was found that proper proportions of grape prunings could increase shoot length and total root volume of grape plants.Among them,shoot length in T_(2) treatment was 1.2 times that of the control group after 150 days.In a word,appropriate addition of grape prunings optimized the soil fungal community structure,promoted the degradation of lignin,and formed a soil that inhibited pathogenic fungi,which would reduce the risk of grape infection.Among them,T_(2) treatment had the best comprehensive performance in improving soil fungal community structure and promoting tree growth.