1株溶磷青霉的溶磷特性及抗真菌作用

Phosphorus Solubilizing Characteristics of Penicillium sp.18 and Its Antifungal Effect

以1株多功能的溶磷青霉(Penicillium sp. 18)为研究对象,在纯培养条件下,对其溶磷和聚磷特性进行初步研究。结果表明:溶磷青霉能够利用难溶的Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),AlPO_(4),FePO_(4)为唯一磷源生长,并表现出溶解难溶磷酸盐释放有效磷的特性,在培养的第5天,溶液中有效磷质量浓度分别达到392.27,53.37,62.84 mg/L;溶磷青霉与已报道的溶磷菌株的区别为具有聚磷特性,在好氧条件下,随着培养时间的延长,菌体生物量和摄磷量均呈增加趋势,在培养第5天时,菌体干质量及摄磷量分别为1.65 g和16.89 mg/L,溶液中84%的有效磷被吸收到菌丝体内,形成大量多聚磷酸盐,即异染颗粒;不同碳源、氮源和环境因子对青霉菌株的生长和摄磷作用影响不同;在生长繁殖方面,葡萄糖和铵盐具有促进作用;摄磷方面,小分子有机酸(乙酸盐和丙酸盐)和好氧条件下有利于其摄磷。分析和讨论青霉菌株的聚磷特性及其驱动因素,提出根据聚磷菌“好氧吸磷、厌氧释磷”特性,在生产实践中,通过耕作、灌溉或水旱轮作等农业措施调节土壤溶解氧的含量,调控该类菌株在土壤无机磷转化过程中的作用,进而调节土壤有效磷含量,改善作物的磷素营养状况和提高磷肥利用率。

Penicillium sp.18 was selected as the research object,and its phosphorus solubilizing and accumulating characteristics were preliminarily studied under the condition of pure culture.The results show that Penicillium sp.18 could grow using insoluble Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2),AlPO_(4) and FePO_(4) as the only phosphorus source,and showed the characteristic of releasing available phosphorus from insoluble phosphate.On the 5th day of culture,the available phosphorus content in the solution reached 392.27,53.37 and 62.84 mg/L,respectively.Penicillium sp.18 is distinguished from the reported psoluble strains in that it also has p-accumulating properties.Under aerobic conditions,the biomass and phosphorus uptake showed an increasing trend with the prolongation of the culture time.On the 5th day of the culture,the dry weight and phosphorus uptake of the bacteria were 1.65 g and,16.89 mg/L,respectively.84%of the available phosphorus in the solution was absorbed into the mycelium,forming a large number of polyphosphate-heterophytic particles.Different carbon sources,nitrogen sources and environmental factors had different effects on the growth and phosphorus uptake of Penicillium sp.18.As for growth and reproduction,glucose and ammonium salt had promoting effect.In terms of phosphorus uptake,small organic acids(acetate and propionate)and oxygen were beneficial to phosphorus uptake.In addition,we analysed and discussed the phosphorus accumulation characteristics and driving factors of Penicillium sp.18,and put forward an application technolog route based on the"aerobic phosphorus absorption and anaerobic phosphorus release"characteristics of the phosphorus accumulating bacteria,and in production practice,by taking the agricultural measures such as farming,irrigation,orsevere rotation to adjust the content of dissolved oxygen in soil,to regulate the transformation process of this type of bacterial strains in soil inorganic phosphorus,and improving the phosphorus nutritional status of crops and increasing phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency.