建筑分布式光伏自消纳潜力分析

Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Self-consumption Potential in Buildings

分布式光伏已经成为建筑行业节能和碳减排的重要选择。本研究以夏热冬冷地区某城市为例,调研了典型建筑的光伏发电与建筑用电曲线,分析了两者间的匹配关系和光伏消纳情况。其中商业和办公建筑因为楼层较高,光伏发电量仅占建筑用电量的1.3%和8.5%,可以实现完全自消纳;工厂建筑光伏发电量占建筑用电量29.8%,但是光伏自消纳率仅为~73%。在此基础上进一步分析了不同光伏和储能容量下的光伏消纳情况和经济性。未来随着光伏上网电价、储能价格的下跌,配备一定量储能可以在改善消纳情况的同时改善系统经济性。若光伏无上网补贴、储能成本为1元/W·h,当光伏年发电量为建筑年用电量1.3倍时,在商业建筑中配备储能使得储能容量与建筑年平均用电功率比值为5 h,自保障率将从54%提高到70%,同时投资回收期从7.4 a略缩短到7.2 a。

Distributed photovoltaic(PV) systems have emerged as a crucial option for energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in the building industry.Using a city in China's hot summer and cold winter climate zone as a case study,this research examined the PV power generation and electricity consumption profiles of typical urban buildings,analyzed their matching relations and investigated the self-consumption effects of PV power generation.In commercial and office buildings with high floors,PV power generation accounts for only 1.3% and 8.5% of building electricity consumption,enabling full self-consumption.In addition,factory building exhibits a 29.8% PV power generation to electricity consumption ratio(R_(pv)),with a self-consumption rate of merely 73%.The study further analyzed the PV consumption patterns and economic aspects under different PV and energy storage capacities.The results show that as feed-in tariffs and energy storage prices decline,integrating an appropriate capacity of energy storage can enhance both the economic viability and the self-consumption of photovoltaic energy.In the case where surplus electricity injected into the grid is not remunerated and the energy storage cost is 1 CNY/W·h,the introduction of an energy storage system with a 5-hour ratio between its capacity and the building's average annual power,when the R_(pv) is 1.3,leads to an increase in self-sufficiency rate from 54% to 70% and a slight reduction in the investment payback period from 7.4 years to 7.2 years.