也谈“礼俗互动”及相关问题

On “Interaction between Li and Su” and Related Issues

20世纪80年代以来,尤其是近十年来,“礼俗互动”说引发了中国思想史研究者和民俗研究者的关注和重视,大大推进了中国传统社会研究。然而学者们在“礼”“俗”二者之间关系的描述上,以及“礼俗”概念的范畴与性质界定上,往往存在一定的片面性。事实上,“礼”与“俗”具有交融性或交叉性,并非国家礼制和民众文化间的截然对立;作为一个独立概念的“礼俗”,存在贵族礼俗、士族礼俗、官僚礼俗、庶民礼俗等多种类型;礼俗是历代各级统治者“以礼化俗”的产物,发挥着“自上而下”和“自下而上”的双向作用。《仪礼》作为礼学重要原典,有其独特的行文方式和意义非凡的礼意元素,对后世国家礼制与庶民礼俗等均产生了深远影响。

Since the 1980s,especially in the past decade,the theory of “interaction between li and su(礼俗)” has attracted the attention and emphasis of Chinese intellectual history researchers and folklorists,greatly promoting the in-depth study of traditional Chinese society.However,scholars often have a certain degree of one-sidedness in describing the relationship between “li” and “su”,as well as in defining the category and nature of the concept of “li and su”.In fact,“li” and “su” are intermingled or intersecting,rather than being diametrically opposed to each other between the state's ritual system and folk culture.As an independent concept,“lisu” exist in various forms such as aristocratic lisu,scholarly lisu,bureaucratic lisu,and common people's lisu.From a historical perspective,it is a product of “influencing su with li” by rulers of all levels and generations,playing a dual role of “top-down” and “bottom-up”.As an important original classic of the study of rites,The Book of Rites(《仪礼》) has its unique writing style and significant elements of ritual meaning,which have had a far-reaching impact on the later national rites and the customs of the common people.