语法化视角下日语助动词“ようだ”用法派生过程研究

A Study on the Derivative Process of the Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verb“YOUDA”from a Grammaticalization Perspective

目前,日本语学界对于助动词“ようだ”①的各种用法的研究多停留在孤立的、静态的描写层面,尚不能对其多个用法的派生路径做出统一的解释,也未在各用法间建立统一的联系。为解决这一问题,本论文在明确了“ようだ”原型用法为“样态”的基础之上,通过考察其各个用法的样态描述义和样态相似义的语义漂白过程以及非范畴化过程,确定了其语法化过程。最后根据语法化单向性这一特征并结合历时语料的证明,推导“ようだ”多个用法的派生路径为:例示、指示>比喻>推测、委婉>目的>愿望•依赖•劝告•命令。

At present,research on the various uses of the auxiliary verb“YOUDA”in the Japanese language community mostly remains at an isolated and static descriptive level,and there is no unified explanation for the derivative paths of its multiple uses,nor is there a unified connection established between the various uses..To address this issue,this paper first examines the semantic bleaching process of the prototype usage of“YOUDA”as“condition”,and then its non categorization process under the mechanism of reanalysis.Finally,based on the proof of diachronic corpus,it concludes that the derivative paths of multiple uses of“YOUDA”are:example,indication,metaphor,speculation,euphemism,purpose,desire,dependence,advice,and command.A unified explanation is provided for the derivative paths of its multiple uses.