何为译者的受众意识——基于认知视角的新理解

What is Translator’s Audience Awareness:A New Understanding Based on Cognitive Perspective

受众意识是口笔译实践和理论中的重要概念,是指译者在翻译过程中站在受众角度考虑问题,译者的受众意识对于翻译产品的成功具有重要作用。传统口笔译研究中对受众意识多有探讨,但往往局限于分析受众意识在翻译产品中的体现及相应的翻译策略,未能揭示受众意识本身在译者心智中究竟如何实现和运作。本文基于认知视角,给出了译者受众意识的定义、基本特征,分析了以观点采择能力为核心的受众意识的认知基础,并基于工作记忆分析了受众意识的认知机制,最后总结对于翻译实践和教学的启示。

Audience awareness,a status where the translator think from the audience’s perspective,is a crucial factor for the success of translation,and a key concept in translation studies.While it has been discussed a lot,little attention has focused on how audience awareness actually works in translators’minds.This paper takes a cognitive perspective to analyze the concept and basic characteristics of audience awareness,its cognitive foundations based on the ability of perspective taking,and its cognitive mechanism based on working memory,and summarizes strategies for translation practice and teaching.