设施蔬菜根区土壤分层施肥机设计与应用

Design and application of soil layered fertilization machine for facility vegetable root zone

在农业生产中,化肥有不可替代的作用,过量施用是造成农业面源污染问题不断加剧的重要原因之一。为满足温室狭小空间作业条件,研制了一种设施蔬菜根区分层施肥机。其中,Y字型旋耕刀可以更好地破碎土壤,旋耕深度可达20cm以上;分层施肥机构可以在土壤耕层3~18cm形成圆柱状肥区,有效减少设施蔬菜种植中化肥的施用量,避免由于侧边施肥和作物根部趋肥性对蔬菜根系生长带来的影响,同时保证肥料持续就近供应植株,提高肥效,达到减施增效的目的。该机械在青萝卜种植中进行了试验示范,施肥效率比传统人工作业提升54.3%,化肥施用量减少37.8%,青萝卜产量和营养物质含量略有增加。

In agricultural production,chemical fertilizers play an irreplaceable role,but their excessive application is one of important reasons for worsening problem of agricultural non-point source pollution.A mechanized technology and equipment for layered fertiliza-tion in root zone of facility vegetables was studied and tested.Application of this technology and equipment can meet working conditions of greenhouse narrow spaces.Design of a Y-shaped rotary tiller could better break through soil,and depth of rotary tillage could reach more than 20 cm.At the same time,a layered fertilization mechanism could be designed to form a cylindrical fertilizer area in soil cul-tivation layer of 3 to18 cm,effectively reducing amount of fertilizer used in facility vegetable cultivation,avoiding impact of side fertil-ization and crop root fertilization on vegetable root growth,and ensuring continuous supply of fertilizer to plants nearby,improving fer-tilizer efficiency,and achieving goal of reducing application and increasing efficiency.This machine has been tested and demonstrated in cultivation of green radish,with a 54.3%improvement in spraying efficiency compared to traditional manual operations,a 37.8%re-duction in fertilizer usage,and a slight increase in green radish yield and nutrient content.