植物源农药对以雪茄烟为寄主的烟蚜防效果及对烟蚜茧蜂安全性评价试验

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Plant-Based Pesticides Against Tobacco Aphids Hosted by Cigar and Safety of Tobacco Aphid Cocoon Bees

本研究旨在评估两种植物源农药,除虫菊素和鱼藤酮,对以雪茄烟为寄主的烟蚜的防治效果及其对非靶标寄生性天敌烟蚜茧蜂的安全性。在温室盆栽条件下进行试验,通过不同时间点的室内毒力测定来评价农药对烟蚜的防效以及对烟蚜茧蜂的安全性。结果表明,2种常用植物源农药对以雪茄烟为寄主的烟蚜表现出显著的防治效果,随着处理后时间的延长,药效逐渐增强,并均在药后第7天达到最高,其中除虫菊素的校正防效为74.75%,鱼藤酮的校正防效为80.96%。然而,2种常用植物源农药对烟蚜茧蜂的安全性均存在风险,48 h内的安全性小于24 h的风险系数;24 h内有较好的选择性,48 h内为非选择性。2种植物源农药对烟蚜都有较好的防治效果,随着时间的推移,对烟蚜防效提高,但会降低烟蚜茧蜂的安全性和选择性,联合防控可行性不理想。本研究结果为科学指导雪茄烟烟蚜防控提供了重要依据。

To test the efficacy of plant-based pesticides against tobacco aphids hosted by cigar,evaluate their safety to tobacco aphid cocoons,explore the feasibility of joint control,and scientifically guide the prevention and control of tobacco aphids in cigar,pyrethrins and rotenone were selected to conduct efficacy tests on tobacco aphids in greenhouse potted cultivation.The safety of tobacco aphid cocoons was evaluated through indoor toxicity testing of tobacco aphids and tobacco aphid cocoons.Both commonly used plant-based pesticides have control effects on tobacco aphids hosted by cigars.Over time,the efficacy gradually increases,reaching its peak at 7 days after treatment.The corrected control effect of pyrethroids is 74.75%,and that of rotenone is 80.96%.The safety of the two commonly used plant-based pesticides to the tobacco aphid cocoon bee are all at risk,with a safety coefficient of 48 hours being less than that of 24 hours;within 24 hours,it has good selectivity,and within 48 hours it is non-selective.Both plant-based pesticides have good control effects on tobacco aphids.Over time,the control effect on tobacco aphids increases,but it will reduce the safety and selectivity of tobacco aphid cocoons.The feasibility of joint prevention and control is not ideal.