不同缓(控)释肥对水稻化肥减量增效和土壤肥力及酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Slow(Controlled)Release Fertilizers on Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency,Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity of Rice

本研究旨在评估不同缓(控)释肥在水稻栽培中的化肥减量增效效果及对土壤肥力和酶活性的影响。通过设立4个不同的施肥处理:常规施肥、有机缓释肥、掺混肥料和永笑缓释肥,对各小区水稻产量及土壤化学性质测定,并结合土壤酶活性等指标进行了综合分析。经过2年的连续试验,结果显示,在养分投入减少15%的条件下,施用缓(控)释肥能够实现成本节约和效率提升,其中以永笑缓释肥的效果最为显著。水稻籽粒中的氮、磷、钾含量与各处理中相应肥料的投入量呈正相关。4种处理实施后,土壤有机质和碱解氮含量均有所增加,且3种缓(控)释肥处理的增加幅度超过了常规施肥处理。然而,土壤有效磷和速效钾的含量有所下降。值得注意的是,与常规施肥相比,施用缓(控)释肥后的土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性均有明显提高,这表明缓(控)释肥的使用有助于提升土壤酶活性,从而改善土壤的生物学特性。

To explore the efficiency of different slow(controlled)release fertilizers in rice,this experiment set up four treatments of conventional fertilization,organic slow-release fertilizer,mixed fertilizer,and Yongxiao slow-release fertilizer.The rice yield and soil chemical properties were measured in each plot,and the effects of different slow(controlled)release fertilizers on rice reduction and efficiency,soil fertility and enzyme activity were evaluated by combining with the analysis of soil enzyme activity and other indicators.The results showed that after two consecutive years of trial implementation,when the fertilizer nutrients quantity decreased by 15%,the cost-saving and fertilizer reduction effect of Yongxiao slow-release fertilizer was the best.The content of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in rice grains was basically proportional to the amount of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer applied in each treatment.After the implementation of the four different treatments,the content of soil organic matter and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen were increased.The increase amplitudes of the three slow(controlled)release fertilizer treatments were higher than that of the conventional fertilization treatments,while the content of soil available phosphorus and available potassium were decreased after the experiment.After the application of slow(controlled)release fertilizer,the activities of soil urease,protease,phosphatase,and dehydrogenase were higher than those after conventional fertilization.This experiment indicated that the application of slow(controlled)release fertilizer was beneficial for improving the activities of four soil enzymes and improving soil biological characteristics.