厌氧消化技术在处理有机废弃物方面的应用现状

Application Status of Anaerobic Digestion Technology in Treatment of Organic Waste

本研究聚焦于评估厌氧消化技术在处理有机废弃物、转化为再生能源和有机肥料方面的应用,并探讨了其对环境影响的减缓作用。采用文献综述方法,深入分析了温度、碳氮比、有机负荷率、挥发性脂肪酸、水力停留时间和pH等因素如何影响厌氧消化过程的效率与稳定性。研究表明,这些参数对促进微生物活动、加快有机物分解以及维持系统稳定运行均具有显著影响。通过对玉米秸秆、畜禽粪便和厨余垃圾等典型有机废弃物的案例分析,验证了厌氧消化技术的有效性,并详细阐述了该过程中关键微生物群落的结构和功能,包括细菌和古菌在不同阶段如水解、酸化、乙酸化和产甲烷中的作用机制。此外,文章还讨论了有毒物质生成问题及其管理策略。最终,文章建议通过提升厌氧消化效率、开发新型反应器技术以及加强微生物种群研究,将有助于使厌氧消化技术在未来实现更高效、稳定且广泛的运用。

This study focuses on evaluating the application of anaerobic digestion technology in the treatment of organic waste,conversion into renewable energy and organic fertilizers,and exploring the mitigation effects of that on the environment.The effects of temperature,carbon to nitrogen ratio,organic loading rate,volatile fatty acids,hydraulic residence time and pH on the efficiency and stability of anaerobic digestion were analyzed by literature review.The results show that these parameters have significant effects on promoting microbial activity,accelerating organic decomposition and maintaining stable operation of the system.The effectiveness of anaerobic digestion technology is verified by the typical studies of organic wastes such as corn stalks,livestock manure and food waste,and the structure and function of key microbial communities in the process are elaborated,including the mechanisms of action of bacteria and archaea at different stages such as hydrolysis,acidification,acetogenesis and methanogenesis.In addition,the generation of toxic substances and its management strategies are also discussed.Finally,the findings of this study suggest that improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion,developing new reactor technologies,and strengthening research on microbial population will help make anaerobic digestion technology more efficient,stable,and widely applied in the future.