数字土壤制图方法研究进展

Research Progress on Digital Soil Mapping Methods

数字土壤制图是基于土壤成土学、地理学和数学理论知识,借助3S技术手段而产生的一种新型高效的土壤制图技术。国内外学者从环境协同变量的生成、样点数据的获取、数字土壤制图模型或方法的选择及土壤图的产生与验证这4个方面已有大量的研究,尤其是对制图方法的研究。本文介绍了数字土壤制图的五类方法,分别是地统计学方法、确定性插值、数理统计、机器学习和专家知识模型。同时基于不同方法的特征,从样本的密度和分布状况、地形地貌特征及目标变量等方面考虑,选择适用于研究区域的制图方法。数字土壤制图未来的发展方向包括将人类活动因子加入环境协同变量;基于机器学习与数据挖掘建立更有效的采样方法;新型建模方法的应用(深度学习和多模态方法)。

Digital soil mapping is a novel and efficient soil mapping technique that utilizes 3S technology and is theoretically based on soil formation science,geography and mathematics.Domestic and foreign scholars had conducted extensive research on the generation of environmental collaborative variables,the acquisition of sample data,the selection of digital soil mapping models or methods,and the generation and validation of soil maps,especially on mapping methods.This paper introduced five categories of digital soil mapping techniques,including geostatistical methods,deterministic interpolation,mathematical statistics,machine learning,and expert knowledge models.At the same time,the mapping method suitable for the study area was chosen based on the merits of various approaches,from the aspects of target variables,topography and geomorphological features,sample density and distribution status and more.The future development direction of digital soil mapping included incorporating human activity factors into environmental synergistic variables;establishing more effective sampling methods based on machine learning and data mining;the application of new modeling methods(deep learning and multimodal methods).