“有组织科研”政策历程及其中国特色性发展

The Policy Process of“Organized Scientific Research”and Its Development with Chinese Characteristics

“有组织科研”经历了四大阶段“:国家主导”与“任务驱动”结合阶段“,国家需求”与“市场导向”结合阶段“,国家引领”与“自由探索”结合阶段,全面建设高水平“有组织科研”阶段。在“有组织科研”的发展历程中,国家导向渐进性增强、自主创新性稳步提升、组织目标不断明确、任务重心向“攻关”转变、科研文化发展日益均衡、改革经验持续总结。随着“有组织科研”的阶段性发展,其在概念上也呈现出“动态渐进性”与“内核恒定性”的特征,二者在相互作用中建构出“有组织科研”的概念形态。国家立场与科研导向在“有组织科研”发展历程中逐步合理化与均衡化。展望未来,寻求“有向度开放”、破除“系统性障碍”、建立“制度性优势”、构筑“层次化布局”以及推动“嵌套式发展”将是建设中国特色高质量“有组织科研”的可能路径。

China’s“organized scientific research”has gone through at least four major phases including the stage of combining“state-dominated”and“task-driven”,the stage of combining“national demand”and“market-oriented”,the stage of“state-led”and“free exploration”,and the stage of comprehensively building high-level“organized scientific research”.Historical experiences show that in the development of“organized scientific research”,there has been a gradual increase in national orientation,a steady rise in independence and innovation,a continuous clarification of organizational goals,and a shift in the focus of tasks to“research”,an increasingly balanced research culture,and a continuous summing up of reform experience.Along with the stage-by-stage development of“organized scientific research”,its conceptualization is characterized by“dy⁃namic progressivity”and“kernel constancy”,and the interaction between the two constructs the concept of“or⁃ganized scientific research”.Through the study of relevant history,it can be seen that the national stance and scientific research orientation have been gradually rationalized and balanced in the development of“organized scientific research”.Looking ahead,it is important to seek“directional openness”,break down“systemic barri⁃ers”,establish“institutional advantages”,construct“hierarchical layout”and promote“nested development”,which will be possible paths to building high-quality“organized scientific research”with Chinese characteris⁃tics.