我国三级公立医院护士情绪耗竭现状及影响因素研究

A Study on the Current Status and Influencing factors of Nurses'Emotional Exhaustion at Tertiary Public Hospitals in China

目的调查我国三级公立医院护士情绪耗竭现状并分析其影响因素,为制定针对性的政策措施、减轻护士情绪耗竭提供参考。方法依托第5次“全国改善医疗服务行动第三方评估”项目,选取全国31个省(区、市)和新疆生产建设兵团共计143家三级公立医院的护士开展调查。单因素分析采用χ^(2)检验,采用有序多分类logistic回归分析。结果我国三级公立医院护士情绪耗竭得分为[8.00(2.00~16.00)]分,其中轻度耗竭占比为79.00%,中度耗竭占比为10.00%,重度耗竭占比为11.00%。性别、年龄、子女数量、所在地区、医院类型、所在科室、聘用形式、承担科研任务、工作负荷过重、薪酬待遇以及医院提供心理指导等是护士情绪耗竭的影响因素。结论我国三级公立医院护士总体处在轻度情绪耗竭水平,但部分群体情绪耗竭程度较严重,政策制定者和医院管理者应落实薪酬制度改革,减轻护士工作负荷,合理安排工作时长,改善医院工作环境,加强护士心理指导。

Objective It aims to investigate the status quo of nurses'emotional exhaustion in tertiary public hospitals in China and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide suggestions for formulating targeted policy measures to reduce nurses'emotional exhaustion.Methods Relying on the fifth“The Third-Party Evaluation of the China Healthcare Improvement Initiatives”project,it surveyed nurses from 143 tertiary public hospitals across 31 provinces(including autonomous regions and municipalities)and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.Univariate analyses were performed using the Pearson chi-square test.Multifactorial analyses were performed using ordered multicategorical logistic regression analysis.Results The score of nurses'emotional exhaustion in tertiary public hospitals in China was 8.00(2.00~16.00),of which mild exhaustion accounted for 79.00%,moderate exhaustion accounted for 10.00%,and severe exhaustion accounted for 11.00%.Gender,age,number of children,region,type of hospital,department,employment form,assume scientific research task,excessive workload,salary and hospitals carry out psychological guidance were the influencing factors of nurses'emotional exhaustion.Conclusion Nurses in tertiary public hospitals in China are at a mild level of emotional exhaustion,but in some groups the degree is more serious.Policy makers and hospital managers should focus on special groups,implement the reform of salary system,reduce nurses'workload,reasonably arrange working hours,improve the working environment of hospitals,and strengthen nurses'psychological guidance.